The effect of agricultural land retirement on pesticide use
The effect of agricultural land retirement on pesticide use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165224
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发表时间：
2023-07-03
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Sousa，Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larsen，Ashley E.;Quandt，Amy;Sousa，Daniel
农业土地退休为生态社区和生态系统服务带来风险和机会。特别令人感兴趣的是，休耕农田对农业害虫和农药的影响，因为这些未开垦的土地可能直接改变农药使用的分布，并可能成为剩余活跃农田的害虫和/或天敌的来源。很少有研究调查农业杀虫剂的使用如何受到土地退休的影响。在这里，我们结合了来自美国加利福尼亚州克恩县超过20万个田间年观察和15年生产的田间作物和农药数据，以调查1）由于退休的直接影响，每年避免了多少农药使用和施用毒性，2）周围退休是否推动了活跃农田上的农药使用，以及哪些类型的农药受影响最大，以及3）周围废弃物对农药使用的影响是否取决于废弃地块的年龄或重新植被覆盖。我们的研究结果表明，在任何一年中，大约有100公顷土地闲置，这相当于大约1.3-3百万公斤的农药活性成分被放弃。我们还发现，即使在控制了作物、农民、地区和年份特定异质性的组合后，退休土地也会导致附近活跃土地上农药使用总量的小幅增加。更具体地说，结果表明，附近的退休土地增加10%，导致农药增加约0.6%，效果大小随着持续休耕时间的增加而增加，但在高水平的重新植被覆盖下减少甚至逆转。我们的研究结果表明，越来越普遍的农业土地退休可以根据退休的作物和附近仍然活跃的作物来改变农药的分布。
Agricultural land retirement generates risks and opportunities for ecological communities and ecosystem services. Of particular interest is the influence of retired cropland on agricultural pests and pesticides, as these uncultivated lands may directly shift the distribution of pesticide use and may serve as a source of pests and/or natural enemies for remaining active croplands. Few studies have investigated how agricultural pesticide use is impacted by land retirement. Here we couple field-level crop and pesticide data from over 200,000 field-year observations and 15 years of production in Kern County, CA, USA to investigate, 1) how much pesticide use and applied toxicity are avoided annually due to the direct effects of retirement, 2) whether surrounding retirement drives pesticide use on active cropland and what types of pesticides are most influenced, and 3) whether the effect of surrounding retirement on pesticide use is dependent on the age or revegetation cover on retired parcels. Our results suggest about 100 kha are idle in any given year, which equates to about 1.3-3 M kg of pesticide active ingredients foregone. We also find retired lands lead to a small increase in total pesticide use on nearby active lands even after controlling for a combination of crop-, farmer-, region- and year-specific heterogeneity. More specifically, the results suggest a 10 % increase in retired lands nearby results in about a 0.6 % increase in pesticides, with the effect sizes increasing as a function of the duration of continuous fallowing, but decreasing or even reversing sign at high levels of revegetation cover. Our results suggest increasingly prevalent agricultural land retirement can shift the distribution of pesticides based on what crops are retired and what active crops remain nearby.