The Kinematics of Load Carrying in Humans and Great Apes: Implications for the Evolution of Human Bipedalism
The Kinematics of Load Carrying in Humans and Great Apes: Implications for the Evolution of Human Bipedalism
复制标题
DOI：
10.1159/000258646
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Sellers, W. I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watson, J.;Payne, R.;Sellers, W. I.
我们比较了人类、普通黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）、倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）、西部低地大猩猩（大猩猩）和婆罗洲和苏门答腊猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus和Pongo abelii）的负重和卸载搬运运动学。利用红外运动分析摄像机采集人体在跑步机上运动时的关节和节段角度。非人类灵长类动物在动物园自由放养运动时，用标准摄像机采集了前肢和后肢关节和节角。在四足运动中，与负载携带相关的微小但潜在重要的变化导致更直立的躯干和肩部偏移的转移。当运动从四足转向三足和两足时，当搬运更多笨拙的负载时，这些变化加剧了，这表明可能存在一种适应序列。然而，携带食物可能倾向于高度弯曲的双足步态，因为它允许同时觅食和囤积。在两足行走的人类中，尽管不对称的负荷可能导致侧位移位，但没有发现与负荷类型相关的肢体运动学变化。因此，搬运可能是向习惯性两足动物进化转变的一个重要组成部分，尽管需要进一步的工作来理解其完整的生物力学含义。版权所有(C) 2009 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
We present a comparison of loaded and unloaded carrying kinematics in humans, common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Human hindlimb joint and segment angles were collected during treadmill locomotion using infrared motion analysis cameras. Non-human primate fore-and hindlimb joint and segment angles were collected at zoos during free-ranging locomotion using a standard video camera. In quadrupedal locomotion there were small but potentially important changes associated with load carriage leading to a more upright trunk and a shift in shoulder excursion. These changes were exacerbated as locomotion shifts from quadrupedal to tripedal and bipedal gaits when carrying more awkward loads suggesting a possible adaptive sequence. However, food carrying may favour a highly flexed bent-hip bent-knee bipedal gait since it allows simultaneous foraging and hoarding. In bipedal humans no changes in limb kinematics were seen associated with type of load, although asymmetric loads may lead to lateral postural shifts. Carrying may therefore be an important component of the evolutionary shift to habitual bipedalism, although further work is needed to understand the full biomechanical implications. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel