Long‐Period Ground Motions from Past and Virtual Megathrust Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, Japan

Long‐Period Ground Motions from Past and Virtual Megathrust Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, Japan
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日本南海海槽沿线过去和虚拟逆冲地震的长周期地面运动

DOI:
10.1785/0120180320
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
M. Denolle
M. Denolle
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
L. Viens;M. Denolle

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大型(Mw≥7.0)俯冲带地震引起的长周期地面运动对大型人造建筑构成了真正的威胁。日本南开俯冲带预计在不久的将来会发生一次大型逆冲地震,因此已经在海上和陆上建立了永久地震网络。我们使用这些台站连续记录的环境地震场来模拟过去和未来潜在近海地震的长周期(4-10秒)地面运动。首先,我们利用反褶积地震干涉测量技术计算了位于近海的密集海底地震和海啸网络系统(DONET)网络的海底地震仪与60个陆上Hi - net站之间的脉冲响应函数(irf)。由于该技术仅保留了irf的相对振幅信息,因此我们使用中等Mw 5.5事件将振幅校准到绝对水平。校正后,irf与均匀应力降源模型一起用于模拟2004年Mw 7.2板内地震的长周期地面运动。对于这两个事件,从观测和模拟波形的水平和垂直分量计算的5%阻尼谱加速度(SA)的残差几乎没有偏差和可接受的不确定性。我们还将mw7.2事件的观测SA值与俯冲带BC水文地面运动模型(GMM)的观测SA值进行了比较,发现我们的模拟结果优于模型。最后,我们模拟了一次可能发生在南开海槽的m8.0级俯冲地震的长周期地面运动。对于这一事件,我们的模拟显示出比BC Hydro GMM预测的更强的长周期地面运动。这项研究表明,越来越多的海底地震仪记录的环境地震场可以用来模拟大型逆冲地震引起的长周期地面运动。
Long‐period ground motions from large (Mw≥7.0) subduction‐zone earthquakes are a real threat for large‐scale human‐made structures. The Nankai subduction zone, Japan, is expected to host a major megathrust earthquake in the near future and has therefore been instrumented with offshore and onshore permanent seismic networks. We use the ambient seismic field continuously recorded at these stations to simulate the long‐period (4–10 s) ground motions from past and future potential offshore earthquakes. First, we compute impulse response functions (IRFs) between an ocean‐bottom seismometer of the Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) network, which is located offshore on the accretionary wedge, and 60 onshore Hi‐net stations using seismic interferometry by deconvolution. As this technique only preserves the relative amplitude information of the IRFs, we use a moderate Mw 5.5 event to calibrate the amplitudes to absolute levels. After calibration, the IRFs are used together with a uniform stress‐drop source model to simulate the long‐period ground motions of the 2004 Mw 7.2 intraplate earthquake. For both events, the residuals of the 5% damped spectral acceleration (SA) computed from the horizontal and vertical components of the observed and simulated waveforms exhibit almost no bias and acceptable uncertainties. We also compare the observed SA values of the Mw 7.2 event to those from the subduction‐zone BC Hydro ground‐motion model (GMM) and find that our simulations perform better than the model. Finally, we simulate the long‐period ground motions of a hypothetical Mw 8.0 subduction earthquake that could occur along the Nankai trough. For this event, our simulations generally exhibit stronger long‐period ground motions than those predicted by the BC Hydro GMM. This study suggests that the ambient seismic field recorded by the ever‐increasing number of ocean‐bottom seismometers can be used to simulate the long‐period ground motions from large megathrust earthquakes.
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