Yeasts affect tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to food substrate with high NaCl concentration
Yeasts affect tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to food substrate with high NaCl concentration
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0224811
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发表时间：
2019-11-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Markov, A., V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dmitrieva, A. S.;Ivnitsky, S. B.;Markov, A., V
在许多实验进化研究中，已经显示出模式动物物种（如黑腹果蝇）快速适应各种不利条件的能力。人们通常默认认为，这种适应是由于所研究的大型生物种群的基因库发生了变化。同时，已知微生物组可以影响大型生物体中的生物过程。为了评估微生物组对适应的可能影响，我们进行了一个进化实验，其中一些D。黑腹果蝇品系在高NaCl浓度的食物基质上饲养，而其它品系在标准（有利的）基质上饲养。在试验开始后三年，我们评估了试验品系在高盐基质上的繁殖效率。我们的试验证实，在含盐基质上饲养的品系对高NaCl浓度的耐受性更强。此外，我们发现，预接种的高盐介质与均质耐盐苍蝇倾向于提高这种介质上的幼稚苍蝇的繁殖效率（相比，预接种与均质控制苍蝇）。对果蝇匀浆中酵母菌群的分析显示，耐盐品系和对照品系之间的酵母菌数量和物种丰富度存在显着差异。我们还发现，从耐盐果蝇中提取的一些单独的酵母系提高了幼稚果蝇在含盐基质上的繁殖效率（与面包酵母和无酵母对照相比），而从对照果蝇中提取的酵母系的效果往往较小。从耐盐果蝇中提取的Starmerella bacillaris酵母表现出最强的积极效果。这种酵母在所有耐盐品系中大量存在，而在所有对照品系中非常罕见或不存在。这些结果与D.黑腹素能促进果蝇对高浓度NaCl食物基质的耐受。
The ability of model animal species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, to adapt quickly to various adverse conditions has been shown in many experimental evolution studies. It is usually assumed by default that such adaptation is due to changes in the gene pool of the studied population of macroorganisms. At the same time, it is known that microbiome can influence biological processes in macroorganisms. In order to assess the possible impact of microbiome on adaptation, we performed an evolutionary experiment in which some D. melanogaster lines were reared on a food substrate with high NaCl concentration while the others were reared on the standard (favourable) substrate. We evaluated the reproductive efficiency of experimental lines on the high salt substrate three years after the experiment started. Our tests confirmed that the lines reared on the salty substrate became more tolerant to high NaCl concentration. Moreover, we found that pre-inoculation of the high salt medium with homogenized salt-tolerant flies tended to improve reproductive efficiency of naive flies on this medium (compared to pre-inoculation with homogenized control flies). The analysis of yeast microbiome in fly homogenates revealed significant differences in number and species richness of yeasts between salt-tolerant and control lines. We also found that some individual yeast lines extracted from the salt-tolerant flies improved reproductive efficiency of naive flies on salty substrate (compared to baker's yeast and no yeast controls), whereas the effect of the yeast lines extracted from the control flies tended to be smaller. The yeast Starmerella bacillaris extracted from the salt-tolerant flies showed the strongest positive effect. This yeast is abundant in all salt-tolerant lines, and very rare or absent in all control lines. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that some components of the yeast microbiome of D. melanogastercontribute to to flies' tolerance to food substrate with high NaCl concentration.