American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Pro-Health Properties
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Pro-Health Properties
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DOI：
10.3390/nu11051041
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Daria Szczuka;Adriana Nowak;Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda;E. Kochan;G. Szymańska;I. Motyl;J. Błasiak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daria Szczuka;Adriana Nowak;Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda;E. Kochan;G. Szymańska;I. Motyl;J. Błasiak
西洋参（American Ginseng，AG）是北美和亚洲地区特有的草药。由于其有益的特性，它已被广泛研究了几十年。如今，它是世界上最常用的草药之一。AG的活性化合物是皂苷，即在植物的根、叶、茎和果实中丰富的糖苷类皂苷。人参皂苷被认为是主要负责AG的健康有益效果。AG作用于神经系统;据报道，其改善阿尔茨海默氏病小鼠模型的认知功能，显示抗焦虑活性和对动物中缺血性中风引起的神经元损伤的神经保护作用，证明抗焦虑活性，并诱导对动物中缺血性中风中神经元损伤的神经保护作用。AG的给药通过调节小鼠中的活性氧（ROS）以及大鼠中的心脏收缩功能的耗竭而导致心力衰竭中的肥大的抑制。它还具有抗糖尿病和抗肥胖的潜力，因为它增加胰岛素敏感性并抑制脂肪组织的形成。AG通过诱导癌细胞凋亡和减轻局部炎症表现出抗癌作用。它对几种致病性细菌菌株具有抗菌作用。因此，AG具有诱导人类有益健康效应的高潜力，应进一步探索以制定精确的营养建议，并评估其在预防和治疗某些疾病（包括癌症）中的价值。
Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng, AG) is an herb characteristic for regions of North America and Asia. Due to its beneficial properties it has been extensively investigated for decades. Nowadays, it is one of the most commonly applied medical herbs worldwide. Active compounds of AG are ginsenosides, saponins of the glycosides group that are abundant in roots, leaves, stem, and fruits of the plant. Ginsenosides are suggested to be primarily responsible for health-beneficial effects of AG. AG acts on the nervous system; it was reported to improve the cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, display anxiolytic activity, and neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage resulting from ischemic stroke in animals, demonstrate anxiolytic activity, and induce neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in ischemic stroke in animals. Administration of AG leads to inhibition of hypertrophy in heart failure by regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mice as well as depletion of cardiac contractile function in rats. It also has an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential as it increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits formation of adipose tissue. AG displays anti-cancer effect by induction of apoptosis of cancer cells and reducing local inflammation. It exerts antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains of bacteria. Therefore, AG presents a high potential to induce beneficial health effects in humans and should be further explored to formulate precise nutritional recommendations, as well as to assess its value in prevention and therapy of some disorders, including cancer.