Biology of the relict fungus-farming ant Apterostigma megacephala Lattke, including descriptions of the male, gyne, and larva

Biology of the relict fungus-farming ant Apterostigma megacephala Lattke, including descriptions of the male, gyne, and larva
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孑遗真菌养殖蚂蚁 Apterostigma megacephala Lattke 的生物学,包括雄性、雌性和幼虫的描述

DOI:
10.1007/s00040-017-0550-2
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Schultz, T. R.
Schultz, T. R.
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sosa-Calvo, J.;Ješovnik, A.;Lopes, C. T.;Rodrigues, A.;Rabeling, C.;Bacci, M.;Vasconcelos, H. L.;Schultz, T. R.

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Fungus-farming “attine” ant agriculture consists of five distinct agricultural systems characterized by a remarkable symbiont fidelity in which five phylogenetic groups of ants faithfully cultivate five phylogenetic groups of fungi. Across-system garden switching experiments result in colony decline and death, indicating that attine ant-fungus symbiont fidelity is enforced by poorly understood biological constraints. The most dramatic violation of this pattern of symbiont fidelity occurs in the relict speciesApterostigma megacephala, the only lower-attine ant known to cultivate a higher-attine fungus.Apterostigma megacephalais the sole surviving representative of an ancient lineage that diverged from all otherApterostigmafungus-farming ants ~39 million years ago, yet it cultivatesLeucoagaricus gongylophorus, a highly domesticated fungal species that originated in the gardens of the recently evolved leaf-cutting ants 8–11 million years ago. Understanding the biology ofA. megacephala, therefore, may provide important clues about the biological mechanisms that constrain the otherwise seemingly obligate ant-fungus associations that characterize attine ant agriculture. Here, based on field work in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás in the state of Pará in Brazil, we report the previously unknown biology ofA. megacephala, including nest architecture, colony demography, foraging behavior, and the morphologies of the previously undescribed gyne, male, and larva.
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