Protecting biodiversity via conservation networks: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic considerations
Protecting biodiversity via conservation networks: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic considerations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109876
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
M. Willig;S. Presley;Brian T. Klingbeil;E. Kosman;Zhang Tao;S. Scheiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Willig;S. Presley;Brian T. Klingbeil;E. Kosman;Zhang Tao;S. Scheiner
保护行动的一个关键要素是将遗址纳入保护区网络。历史上，大多数网络创建策略都是基于物种丰富度和站点互补性的考虑。尽管如此，系统发育或功能生物多样性可能比物种数量对维持生态系统恢复力或功能更为关键。因此，我们探讨了三种策略（即随机、顺序和同时将站点纳入特定规模的保护网络）在网络中最大化物种丰富度的有效性，并探讨了功能和系统发育生物多样性方面的相关后果。我们对康涅狄格州的雀形目动物、巴拉圭的蝙蝠和北卡罗来纳州的树木进行了研究，它们在β、功能和系统发育生物多样性方面存在差异。在所有网络规模下，顺序策略和同步策略对物种丰富度的保护效果都是相似的，并且对三个分类群中的每一个都代表了随机策略的改进，基于随机策略保护所有物种所需的站点只有35%。在功能和系统发育生物多样性方面，指标趋同于整个生物群的价值，即使网络只包含5个站点，这表明基于丰富度的方法可以从多个角度有效地指导保护行动。为了更充分地探索我们结论的普遍性，需要对空间范围内旨在保护生物多样性的网络进行评估，这些空间范围包括比本文所举的例子更复杂的环境梯度，或者包括比我们分析中所代表的环境更异质的环境。
A key element of conservation action involves the incorporation of sites into networks of protected areas. Historically, most network-creation strategies have been based on considerations of species richness and site complementarity. Nonetheless, phylogenetic or functional biodiversity may be more critical to the maintenance of ecosystem resilience or functioning than is the number of species. Therefore, we explore the efficacy of three strategies (i.e., random, sequential, and simultaneous inclusion of sites into conservation networks of particular sizes) to maximize species richness in a network, and explore associated consequences to aspects of functional and phylogenetic biodiversity. We do so for passerines in Connecticut, bats in Paraguay, and trees in North Carolina, which differ in β, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity. The efficacy of sequential and simultaneous strategies for conserving species richness are similar at all network sizes and represent improvements over random strategies for each of the three taxa, conserving all species in as few as 35 % of the sites required based on a random strategy. For aspects of functional and phylogenetic biodiversity, metrics converged on the value of the entire biota, even when networks contained as few as five sites, suggesting that richness-based approaches can be effective in guiding conservation action from multiple perspectives. Evaluation of networks intended to conserve biodiversity at spatial extents that include more complex environmental gradients than the examples presented here, or that comprise more heterogenous environments than those represented in our analyses, are needed to more fully explore the generality of our conclusions.