THE METAL-POOR KNEE IN THE FORNAX DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY

THE METAL-POOR KNEE IN THE FORNAX DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY
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穹窿矮球状星系中贫金属的膝盖

DOI:
10.1088/0004-637x/785/2/102
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gilmore
Gilmore
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hendricks;Lanfranchi;Boeche;Walker;Johnson;Peñarrubia;Gilmore

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我们给出了用甚大望远镜/长颈鹿(Rα16000)获得的福尔纳克斯矮球星系(DSPH)两个外场的大样本场星的镁、硅和钛的∼元素丰度。由于我们的样品中有大量的贫金属(MP)星,我们能够跟踪α元素从[Fe/H]≈−2.5到[Fe/H]≈−0.7的连续演化。由于超新星Ia的开始,我们第一次能够解决由II型超新星(SNE)主导的、α增强的平台到次太阳[α/Fe]值的周转,从而追踪银河系的化学富集率。我们的数据支持早期α增强高原的一般概念,随后是由SneIa开始引起的明确的“膝”,最后是具有亚太阳[α/Fe]值的第二个高原。通过与其他≈−和标准进化模型的比较,我们发现这个膝关节的位置在[Fe/H]DSP1.9,因此比预期的MP要大得多。令人惊讶的是,此值相当于雕刻中的膝盖,dsph∼的亮度比Fornax低10倍。使用化学演化模型,我们发现,除非银河系经历了几次离散的恒星形成(SF)事件,否则很难解释次太阳水平上的膝部和随后的平台的位置,而可以排除均匀的SF。一种可能的演化情景是,Fornax在过去经历了一次或几次来自富含气体的系统的重大吸积事件,因此它目前的恒星质量并不能指示古代的化学演化环境。如果Fornax是几个较小的建筑积木的产物,这也可能对总体上理解dSphs的形成过程产生影响。
We present α-element abundances of Mg, Si, and Ti for a large sample of field stars in two outer fields of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, obtained with Very Large Telescope/GIRAFFE (R∼ 16, 000). Due to the large fraction of metal-poor (MP) stars in our sample, we are able to follow the α-element evolution from [Fe/H]≈− 2.5 continuously to [Fe/H]≈− 0.7. For the first time we are able to resolve the turnover from the Type II supernovae (SNe) dominated, α-enhanced plateau down to subsolar [α/Fe] values, due to the onset of SNe Ia, and thus to trace the chemical enrichment efficiency of the galaxy. Our data support the general concept of an α-enhanced plateau at early epochs, followed by a well-defined" knee" caused by the onset of SNe Ia, and finally a second plateau with sub-solar [α/Fe] values. We find the position of this knee to be at [Fe/H]≈− 1.9 and therefore significantly more MP than expected from comparison with other dSphs and standard evolutionary models. Surprisingly, this value is rather comparable to the knee in Sculptor, a dSph∼ 10 times less luminous than Fornax. Using chemical evolution models, we find that the position of the knee and the subsequent plateau at the sub-solar level can hardly be explained unless the galaxy experienced several discrete star formation (SF) events with a drastic variation in SF efficiency, while a uniform SF can be ruled out. One possible evolutionary scenario is that Fornax experienced one or several major accretion events from gas-rich systems in the past, so that its current stellar mass is not indicative of the chemical evolution environment at ancient times. If Fornax is the product of several smaller buildings blocks, this may also have implications for the understanding of the formation process of dSphs in general.
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