Effects of Different Stratospheric SO2 Injection Altitudes on Stratospheric Chemistry and Dynamics
Effects of Different Stratospheric SO2 Injection Altitudes on Stratospheric Chemistry and Dynamics
复制标题
不同平流层 SO2 注入高度对平流层化学和动力学的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Vitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Tilmes;J. Richter;Michael J. Mills;B. Kravitz;D. MacMartin;Rolando R. Garcia;D. Kinnison;J. Lamarque;J. Tribbia;F. Vitt
建议战略性地应用地球工程来减少平流层气溶胶修改的一些已知副作用。具体的气候目标能否实现取决于平流层硫注入的纬度、高度和强度的设计选择。在这里，我们使用完全耦合的地球系统模型详细探讨了平流层对不同高度注入的化学和动力学响应。研究了两种不同的情景，在 2042-2049 年期间产生大致相同的 2°C 全球降温，一种是在 30 hPa（约 25 公里海拔）使用 24 Tg SO2/年的高海拔注入情况，另一种是在 70 hPa（海拔 19 至 20 公里之间）每年注入 32 Tg SO2 的低海拔注入情况，每年注入量在 15°N 和 15°N 之间平均分配。南纬 15°。与无地球工程条件相比，这两种情况都会导致高空和低空注入情况下热带低层平流层升温高达 10 和 15°C，并且平流层水蒸气分别大幅增加高达 2 和 4 ppm。 3 月份，北半球极地柱臭氧在高海拔注入情况下减少了 18%，在低海拔注入情况下减少了 8%。然而，对于冬季中北纬地区和高纬度地区，低空注入会导致比没有地球工程时更高的柱臭氧值。这些变化主要是由动力和平流驱动的。在这两种情况下，2042 年至 2049 年的南极柱臭氧均未从目前（2002 年至 2009 年）的值恢复。
Strategically applied geoengineering is proposed to reduce some of the known side effects of stratospheric aerosol modifications. Specific climate goals could be reached depending on design choices of stratospheric sulfur injections by latitude, altitude, and magnitude. Here we explore in detail the stratospheric chemical and dynamical responses to injections at different altitudes using a fully coupled Earth System Model. Two different scenarios are explored that produce approximately the same global cooling of 2°C over the period 2042–2049, a high‐altitude injection case using 24 Tg SO2/year at 30 hPa (≈25‐km altitude) and a low‐altitude injection case using 32 Tg SO2/year injections at 70 hPa (between 19‐ and 20‐km altitude), with annual injections divided equally between 15°N and 15°S. Both cases result in a warming of the lower tropical stratosphere up to 10 and 15°C for the high‐ and low‐altitude injection case and in substantial increases of stratospheric water vapor of up to 2 and 4 ppm, respectively, compared to no geoengineering conditions. Polar column ozone in the Northern Hemisphere is reduced by up to 18% in March for the high‐altitude injection case and up to 8% for the low‐altitude injection case. However, for winter middle and high northern latitudes, low‐altitude injections result in greater column ozone values than without geoengineering. These changes are mostly driven by dynamics and advection. Antarctic column ozone in 2042–2049 does not recover from present‐day (2002–2009) values for both cases.
通过硫酸盐气溶胶的辐射加热改变平流层的传输过程
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Niemeier;Ulrike;Hauke Schmidt
通讯作者：
Hauke Schmidt