Understanding the genotypic and phenotypic structure and impact of climate on Phytophthora nicotianae outbreaks on potato and tomato in the eastern US
Understanding the genotypic and phenotypic structure and impact of climate on Phytophthora nicotianae outbreaks on potato and tomato in the eastern US
复制标题
了解基因型和表型结构以及气候对美国东部马铃薯和番茄疫霉爆发的影响
DOI：
10.1094/phyto-11-22-0411-r
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ristaino, Jean B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Saville, Amanda;McGrath, Margaret;Jones, Christopher;Polo, John;Ristaino, Jean B.
2017年在北卡罗来纳州东部采集了晚疫病样症状的马铃薯田样品，经鉴定病原菌为烟草疫霉。来自北卡罗来纳州、弗吉尼亚州、马里兰州、宾夕法尼亚州和纽约的尼古丁土豆和西红柿样品。从46个田间采集了92个样本，利用微卫星技术对甲氧西林的敏感性、交配型和简单序列重复基因进行了鉴定。32%的菌株为A1交配型，53%为A2交配型。有6例在同一年同一地区同时检测到A1和A2交配型。所有受试菌株对甲氧西林均敏感。根据结构分析识别出两个基因组：一个包括来自北卡罗来纳州和马里兰州的样本，另一个包括来自所有五个州的样本。数据表明，从抽样的现场接种的疫苗有两种不同的来源。一块田内有多个单倍型，且两种交配型的检测结果非常接近，表明P。尼古丁可能在北卡罗来纳州进行有性繁殖。从2012年到2016年和2017年到2021年，北卡罗来纳州所有P县的平均适合晚疫病天气的天数都有所减少。烟青霉的耐热性强于烟草青霉菌。寄生虫在比P更高的温度(25到35℃)下生长。寄生虫(18至22°C)。近年来晚疫病的暴发有所减少，首次发病报告也较晚，这表明耐热性较差。随着气候变化导致气温上升，尼古丁可能会导致更多疾病。
Samples from potato fields with lesions with late blight-like symptoms were collected from eastern North Carolina in 2017 and the causal agent was identified asPhytophthora nicotianae.We have identifiedP. nicotianaein potato and tomato samples from North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York. Ninety-two field samples were collected from 46 fields and characterized for mefenoxam sensitivity, mating type, and simple sequence repeat genotype using microsatellites. Thirty-two percent of the isolates were the A1 mating type, while 53% were the A2 mating type. In six cases, both A1 and A2 mating types were detected in the same field in the same year. All isolates tested were sensitive to mefenoxam. Two genetic groups were discerned based on STRUCTURE analysis: one included samples from North Carolina and Maryland, and one included samples from all five states. The data suggest two different sources of inoculum from the field sites sampled. Multiple haplotypes within a field and the detection of both mating types in close proximity suggests thatP. nicotianaemay be reproducing sexually in North Carolina. There was a decrease in the average number of days with weather suitable for late blight, from 2012 to 2016 and 2017 to 2021 in all of the North Carolina counties whereP. nicotianaewas reported.P. nicotianaeis more thermotolerant thanP. infestansand grows at higher temperatures (25 to 35°C) thanP. infestans(18 to 22°C). Late blight outbreaks have decreased in recent years and first reports of disease are later, suggesting that the thermotolerantP. nicotianaemay cause more disease as temperatures rise due to climate change.