Fluctuating Asymmetry of Chironomus spp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) Larvae in Association with Water Quality and Metal Pollution in Permatang Rawa River in the Juru River Basin, Penang, Malaysia
Fluctuating Asymmetry of Chironomus spp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) Larvae in Association with Water Quality and Metal Pollution in Permatang Rawa River in the Juru River Basin, Penang, Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1007/s11270-010-0528-4
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Azizah, Mohd Nor Siti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Shami, Salman Abdo;Salmah, Mad Rawi Che;Azizah, Mohd Nor Siti
测定了马来西亚半岛东北部朱如河流域农用化学品污染河流Permatang Rawa河（PRR）中四龄Chironomus spp.幼虫的波动不对称水平[对称有机体特征随机差异，波动不对称（FA）]。PRR接收的水主要来自邻近的稻田，这些稻田暴露在肥料和农药残留中。从2007年11月至2008年6月每月采集幼虫、水和沉积物样本。在沿河的三个采样点实地测量了水的pH值和溶解氧。每月收集水和底栖沉积物，进行以下实验室水分析：生物需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和氨氮含量。对沉积物样品中的非残留金属也进行了分析。计算了PRR的水质指数（WQI）。本研究试图通过对手蛾幼虫头囊（颅宽、第一和第二触角段长度）特征的分析，将FA水平与PRR水体质量和沉积物重金属污染联系起来。计算每月FA水平的所有测量值，包括转录因子（FA10a、FA4a、ME3和ME1）和指数[FA、绝对不对称（AbsFA）和复合波动不对称（CFA）]。冗余分析的排序模型表明，以WQI表示的河流溶解氧和水质与I、II触角节宽度和长度的FA、AbsFA和CFA各项FA指标均呈负相关。水体pH、BOD、COD和底泥Cu对幼虫体内FA的发生率有正向影响。触角I段FA指数与水体pH、铵态氮、BOD、COD水平的升高呈显著正相关。FA指数，尤其是CFA对水体pH、氨氮和Mn、Cu、Zn污染的沉积物较为敏感。以触角II段长度FA指数计算的FA水平与水体TSS和沉积物Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni呈正相关。本研究揭示了河流水质和重金属污染对手蛾幼虫发育稳定性的影响。螯虾幼虫头囊中不同结构的FA指标可作为水体和沉积物污染的生物指标。
The levels of fluctuating asymmetry [random differences between symmetric organismal traits, fluctuating asymmetry (FA)] in the fourth instar of Chironomus spp. larvae inhabiting an agrochemical polluted river [Permatang Rawa River (PRR)] in the Juru River Basin, northeastern peninsular Malaysia, were measured. The PRR receives waters primarily from adjacent rice fields which are exposed to fertilizer and pesticide residues. Samples of larvae, water, and sediments were collected monthly from November 2007 to June 2008. In situ measurements of water pH and dissolved oxygen were made at three sampling locations along the river. Monthly water and benthic sediment collections were also conducted for the following laboratory water analyses: biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonium-N content. Non-residual metals in the sediment samples were also analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) of the PRR was also calculated. This study attempted to relate FA levels based on selected traits of Chironomus spp. larval head capsule (mentum width and first and second antennal segment length) to water quality and sediment heavy metal contamination in the PRR. All monthly measurements of FA levels including transcriptors (FA10a, FA4a, ME3, and ME1) and indices [FA, absolute asymmetry (AbsFA), and composite fluctuating asymmetry (CFA)] were calculated. The ordination model of redundancy analysis showed that the dissolved oxygen and water quality in the river expressed as WQI were negatively correlated with all FA indices (FA, AbsFA, and CFA) of the larval mentum width and length of antennal segments I and II. The water pH, BOD, and COD and sediment Cu positively influenced the FA incidence in the larval mentum. The FA indices of the antennal segment I were positively correlated with the increase in the levels of water pH, ammonium-N, BOD, and COD. The FA indices, especially CFA, were sensitive to the water pH and ammonium-N and sediment contaminated by Mn, Cu, and Zn. The FA levels calculated as FA indices of the larval antennal segment II length were positively correlated with water TSS and sediment Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni. This study revealed that the river water quality and heavy metal contamination affect developmental stability in Chironomus spp. larvae. The FA indices of different structures in the Chironomus spp. larval head capsule could be used as bioindicators for water and sediment pollution.