Ratcheting caused by moving loads

Ratcheting caused by moving loads
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移动负载引起的棘轮

DOI:
10.1007/s40091-017-0154-0
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发表时间:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vollrath
Vollrath
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hübel;Vollrath

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一旦超过弹性极限,就会发生渐进变形(棘轮),作为对可变载荷的响应。如果是这种情况,在每个加载循环中,应变和位移都会累积。被广泛认为是棘轮的触发器,在一些设计规范中已经被考虑的是结构受到至少两种不同类型的载荷,即恒定载荷(主载荷)和叠加的循环载荷。本文介绍了另一种产生棘轮的机理。它可以完全归因于单一载荷的影响。在最简单的情况下,这可以用在空间中移动恒定大小的载荷时(无限数量的)塑料铰链的连续激活来解释。当材料变硬时,或者如果存在弹性地基,或者如果为变形系统建立了平衡条件(二阶理论),或者如果考虑了“大”转动(三阶理论),应变和位移的增量可以随循环而减小或增加。
Progressive deformation (ratcheting) can occur as a response to variable loads as soon as the elastic limit is exceeded. If this is the case, strains and displacements accumulate in the event of cyclic loading in each load cycle. Widely known as triggers for ratcheting and already being considered in some design codes are configurations, in which a structure is subjected to at least two different types of load, namely a constant load (the primary load) and a superimposed cyclic load. In this paper, another mechanism that generates ratcheting is introduced. It can be attributed solely to the effect of a single load. In the simplest case, this can be explained by the successive activation of (an infinite number of) plastic hinges if a load of constant magnitude is moved in space. The increments of strains and displacements can decrease or increase from cycle to cycle, when the material is hardening, or if elastic foundation is present, or if the equilibrium condition is formulated for the deformed system (second-order theory) or if “large” rotations are taken into account (third-order theory).
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