Mast Cells and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: From the Bench to the Bedside.
Mast Cells and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: From the Bench to the Bedside.
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DOI：
10.5056/jnm15137
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发表时间：
2016-04-30
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hou X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang L;Song J;Hou X
肠易激综合症（IBS）传统上被定义为一种功能性疾病，因为它缺乏明显的病理异常。然而，近年来，在一些 IBS 患者中观察到小肠和大肠中经常富含肥大细胞的低度炎症浸润。肥大细胞与主要肠道功能（如上皮分泌和通透性、神经免疫相互作用、内脏感觉和蠕动）的密切联系，使得研究人员和胃肠病学家将注意力集中在肥大细胞在IBS发病机制中的关键作用。已经进行了大量的研究来确定肠道肥大细胞的发育、浸润、激活和脱颗粒的机制，以及肥大细胞在肠易激综合征的粘膜屏障破坏、粘膜免疫失调、内脏过敏、运动障碍以及局部和中枢应激过程中的作用。此外，针对肥大细胞的疗法，例如肥大细胞稳定剂（色甘酸盐和酮替芬）以及组胺和血清素受体拮抗剂，已在IBS患者中进行了尝试，并部分显示出相当大的疗效。本综述重点关注肥大细胞在 IBS 中的作用的最新进展，特别强调将实验数据与 IBS 患者的临床治疗联系起来。
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is traditionally defined as a functional disorder since it lacks demonstrable pathological abnormalities. However, in recent years, low grade inflammatory infiltration, often rich in mast cells, in both the small and large bowel, has been observed in some patients with IBS. The close association of mast cells with major intestinal functions, such as epithelial secretion and permeability, neuroimmune interactions, visceral sensation, and peristalsis, makes researchers and gastroenterologists to focus attention on the key roles of mast cells in the pathogenesis of IBS. Numerous studies have been carried out to identify the mechanisms in the development, infiltration, activation, and degranulation of intestinal mast cells, as well as the actions of mast cells in the processes of mucosal barrier disruption, mucosal immune dysregulation, visceral hypersensitivity, dysmotility, and local and central stress in IBS. Moreover, therapies targeting mast cells, such as mast cell stabilizers (cromoglycate and ketotifen) and antagonists of histamine and serotonin receptors, have been tried in IBS patients, and have partially exhibited considerable efficacy. This review focuses on recent advances in the role of mast cells in IBS, with particular emphasis on bridging experimental data with clinical therapeutics for IBS patients.