The climate of daily precipitation in the Alps: development and analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset from pan-Alpine rain-gauge data
The climate of daily precipitation in the Alps: development and analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset from pan-Alpine rain-gauge data
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DOI：
10.1002/joc.3794
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vertacnik, Gregor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isotta, Francesco A.;Frei, Christoph;Vertacnik, Gregor
在欧洲阿尔卑斯山地区，国家和区域气象部门运行着雨量计网络，这些网络共同构成了大规模高山地区最密集的现场观测系统之一。在本研究中，对来自这些网络的数据进行了始终如一的分析，以开发泛阿尔卑斯山网格数据集，并描述该区域的中尺度降水气候，包括多雨和长时间干旱的发生。这些分析是基于对七个阿尔卑斯山国家的高分辨率雨量计数据的整理，这些数据平均每天有5500次测量，时间跨度为1971-2008年。该数据集是较早版本的更新，具有更高的数据密度和更全面的质量控制。网格数据集的网格间距为5公里，每日时间分辨率，并采用距离-角度加权方案，其中整合了气候降水-地形关系。数据集中有效解析的比例比栅格间距粗略，并且在时间和空间上有所不同，具体取决于站点密度。我们通过交叉验证以及与地形复杂性、数据密度和季节的关系来量化数据集的不确定性。结果表明，当网格点估计被解释为点估计时，当它们被解释为点估计时，在大(小)降水强度下被系统地低估(高估)。我们的气候学分析突出了每日降水量指标的有趣变化，这些指标偏离了平均降水量的模式和过程，并说明了地形的复杂作用。每日阿尔卑斯山降水网格数据集是作为欧盟资助的EURO4M项目的一部分开发的，可免费供科学使用。
In the region of the European Alps, national and regional meteorological services operate rain-gauge networks, which together, constitute one of the densest in situ observation systems in a large-scale high-mountain region. Data from these networks are consistently analyzed, in this study, to develop a pan-Alpine grid dataset and to describe the region's mesoscale precipitation climate, including the occurrence of heavy precipitation and long dry periods. The analyses are based on a collation of high-resolution rain-gauge data from seven Alpine countries, with 5500 measurements per day on average, spanning the period 1971-2008. The dataset is an update of an earlier version with improved data density and more thorough quality control. The grid dataset has a grid spacing of 5 km, daily time resolution, and was constructed with a distance-angular weighting scheme that integrates climatological precipitation-topography relationships. Scales effectively resolved in the dataset are coarser than the grid spacing and vary in time and space, depending on station density. We quantify the uncertainty of the dataset by cross-validation and in relation to topographic complexity, data density and season. Results indicate that grid point estimates are systematically underestimated (overestimated) at large (small) precipitation intensities, when they are interpreted as point estimates. Our climatological analyses highlight interesting variations in indicators of daily precipitation that deviate from the pattern and course of mean precipitation and illustrate the complex role of topography. The daily Alpine precipitation grid dataset was developed as part of the EU funded EURO4M project and is freely available for scientific use.