The microglial networks of the brain and their role in neuronal network plasticity after lesion
The microglial networks of the brain and their role in neuronal network plasticity after lesion
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.03.012
复制
发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thams, Sebastian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cullheim, Staffan;Thams, Sebastian
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻炎性细胞，在CNS实质中延伸出突起网络。在运动神经元中最广泛研究的神经元轴突损伤之后，在细胞体水平存在典型的逆行反应，包括从受影响细胞的核周体和树突移除或“剥离”突触。小胶质细胞在这一过程中发挥了主要和积极的作用，尽管也有人提出活化的星形胶质细胞的参与。到目前为止，这种“突触剥离”的信号通路尚不清楚，但最近一些经典的免疫识别分子，MHC I类分子，已被证明对突触消除反应的强度和模式有很大的影响。由于在神经元和神经胶质（特别是小神经胶质）中存在MHC I类的表达，以及在轴突和小神经胶质中存在MHC I类相关受体，因此有充分的理由相信神经元和神经胶质之间的经典免疫识别信号传导是部分“剥离”反应的基础。基于这种类型的信号传导，小胶质细胞在与突触相互作用中的作用进一步通过以下事实来例证：在发育期间通常在小胶质细胞上发现的一些MHC I类相关受体的缺乏下，已经证明了对突触功能和生物化学的深刻影响。这些影响可能与CNS的各种疾病的发展有关，例如退行性疾病。(c)2007年由Elsevier B.V.出版。
Microglia are the resident inflammatory cells of the central nervous system (CNS) extending a network of processes in the CNS parenchyma. Following axon lesion to neurons, most extensively studied in motoneurons, there is a typical retrograde response at the cell body level, including the removal or 'stripping' of synapses from the perikaryon and dendrites of affected cells. Microglia have been attributed a main and active role in this process, although also an involvement of activated astrocytes has been suggested. The signaling pathways for this 'synaptic stripping' have so far been unknown, but recently some classical immune recognition molecules, the MHC class I molecules, have been shown to have a strong influence on the strength and pattern of the synapse elimination response. Since there is an expression of MHC class I in both neurons and glia, in particular microglia, as well as MHC class I related receptors in axons and microglia, there are good reasons to believe that classical immune recognition signaling between neurons and glia underlies part of the,stripping' response. A role for microglia in an interplay with synapses based on this type of signaling is further exemplified by the fact that, in the absence of some MHC class I related receptors normally found on microglia during development, profound effects on synaptic function and biochemistry have been demonstrated. Such effects may be linked to the development of various disorders of the CNS, such as degenerative disease. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.