The Soil Microbiome of GLORIA Mountain Summits in the Swiss Alps
The Soil Microbiome of GLORIA Mountain Summits in the Swiss Alps
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.01080
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发表时间：
2019-05-15
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Frey, Beat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adamczyk, Magdalene;Hagedorn, Frank;Frey, Beat
虽然对山顶植被进行了大量的调查，但对土壤生物群的多样性和群落结构了解有限。在这里，我们研究了气候变量、植被、母质、土壤性质和坡向如何影响10个GLORIA （Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine environments）山顶上的土壤微生物组，范围从低阿尔卑斯到阿尔卑斯地区。在这些峰会上，我们从所有四个方面采样土壤，并使用Illumina MiSeq测序检查了细菌和真菌群落的变化。研究发现，山顶土壤微生物群落高度多样化，共有10406个细菌分类群和6291个真菌分类群。细菌α多样性随土壤pH升高而增加，随海拔升高而降低，真菌α多样性变化不显著。土壤pH值是微生物多样性的最强预测因子。细菌和真菌群落结构与植物群落呈显著正相关，表明植物组成越明显的峰顶，微生物群落也越明显。海拔对土壤微生物组的影响强于坡向。若干微生物类群对海拔高度和土壤ph值有响应。海拔越高，峰顶上绿线菌门和毛霉菌门的相对丰度越高，而担子菌门和木丝菌门的相对丰度则随海拔升高而降低。大多数酸杆菌门细菌的otu是硅质母质的指示物，而一些植物菌门的otu与钙质土壤有关。真菌的趋势就不那么明显了。Mortierella属和Naganishia属的指示OTUs对母质表现出混合反应，表明它们在土壤中的普遍存在和机会性行为。总体而言，真菌群落对非生物和生物因子的响应较弱。相比之下，细菌群落受到环境变化的强烈影响，表明它们将受到未来气候变化及其相关的温度升高和植被向上迁移的强烈影响。我们的研究结果首次提供了对欧洲阿尔卑斯山山顶土壤微生物群的了解，这些土壤微生物群是由高度可变的当地环境条件形成的，可能有助于预测土壤生物群对全球气候变化的反应。
While vegetation has intensively been surveyed on mountain summits, limited knowledge exists about the diversity and community structure of soil biota. Here, we study how climatic variables, vegetation, parent material, soil properties, and slope aspect affect the soil microbiome on 10 GLORIA (Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine environments) mountain summits ranging from the lower alpine to the nival zone in Switzerland. At these summits we sampled soils from all four aspects and examined how the bacterial and fungal communities vary by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We found that mountain summit soils contain highly diverse microbial communities with a total of 10,406 bacterial and 6,291 fungal taxa. Bacterial alpha-diversity increased with increasing soil pH and decreased with increasing elevation, whereas fungal alpha-diversity did not change significantly. Soil pH was the strongest predictor for microbial beta-diversity. Bacterial and fungal community structures exhibited a significant positive relationship with plant communities, indicating that summits with a more distinct plant composition also revealed more distinct microbial communities. The influence of elevation was stronger than aspect on the soil microbiome. Several microbial taxa responded to elevation and soil pH. Chloroflexi and Mucoromycota were significantly more abundant on summits at higher elevations, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Agaricomycetes decreased with elevation. Most bacterial OTUs belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria were indicators for siliceous parent material and several OTUs belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes were associated with calcareous soils. The trends for fungi were less clear. Indicator OTUs belonging to the genera Mortierella and Naganishia showed a mixed response to parent material, demonstrating their ubiquitous and opportunistic behaviour in soils. Overall, fungal communities responded weakly to abiotic and biotic factors. In contrast, bacterial communities were strongly influenced by environmental changes suggesting they will be strongly affected by future climate change and associated temperature increase and an upward migration of vegetation. Our results provide the first insights into the soil microbiome of mountain summits in the European Alps that are shaped as a result of highly variable local environmental conditions and may help to predict responses of the soil biota to global climate change.