Optimal scheduling of integrated demand response-enabled integrated energy systems with uncertain renewable generations: A Stackelberg game approach
Optimal scheduling of integrated demand response-enabled integrated energy systems with uncertain renewable generations: A Stackelberg game approach
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113996
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-13
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Chen, Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Yang;Wang, Chunling;Chen, Chen
为了平衡综合能源运营商（IEO）和用户的利益，提出了一种基于Stackelberg博弈的综合能源系统优化调度框架，其中IEO作为领导者，通过设定能源价格追求自身利益最大化，用户作为追随者，通过调整能源消耗计划来最小化自身能源成本。考虑可再生发电代的固有不确定性，将概率旋转储备写成机会约束的形式；此外，充分挖掘区域供热网络的时滞和热衰减特性，建立了考虑延迟和热衰减特性的区域供热网络模型，并引入预测平均投票（PMV）指数，考虑了IDR用户的灵活热舒适需求。为了求解提出的模型，引入序列运算理论，将机会约束转化为确定性的等价形式，从而得到领导者？通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker最优性条件，将follower Stackelberg博弈转化为混合整数二次规划公式，最后用CPLEX优化器求解。两个案例研究的结果表明，本文提出的基于Stackelberg博弈的方法通过可再生代与IDR的协调，实现了IEO与用户之间的Stackelberg均衡。最后，通过对中国实际综合能源系统的研究，验证了该方法在实际应用中的适用性。
In order to balance the interests of integrated energy operator (IEO) and users, a novel Stackelberg game-based optimization framework is proposed for the optimal scheduling of integrated demand response (IDR)-enabled integrated energy systems with uncertain renewable generations, where the IEO acts as the leader who pursues the maximization of his profits by setting energy prices, while the users are the follower who adjusts energy consumption plans to minimize their energy costs. Taking into account the inherent uncertainty of renewable generations, the probabilistic spinning reserve is written in the form of a chance constraint; in addition, a district heating network model is built considering the characteristics of time delay and thermal attenuation by fully exploiting its potential, and the flexible thermal comfort requirements of users in IDR are considered by introducing a predicted mean vote (PMV) index. To solve the raised model, sequence operation theory is introduced to convert the chance constraint into its deterministic equivalent form, and thereby, the leader?follower Stackelberg game is tackled into a mixed-integer quadratic programming formulation through Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and is finally solved by the CPLEX optimizer. The results of two case studies demonstrate that the proposed Stackelberg game-based approach manages to achieve the Stackelberg equilibrium between IEO and users by the coordination of renewable generations and IDR. Furthermore, the study on a real integrated energy system in China verifies the applicability of the proposed approach for real-world applications.