Genetics and the conservation of natural populations: allozymes to genomes
Genetics and the conservation of natural populations: allozymes to genomes
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13948
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Allendorf, Fred W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allendorf, Fred W.
我思考了基因变异的研究如何影响了过去50年来保护自然种群的努力。20世纪70年代对等位酶的研究首次估计了多个基因座自然种群内和自然种群之间的遗传变异量。这些早期研究在制定物种保护计划方面发挥了重要作用。20世纪80年代初对线粒体DNA遗传变异的描述为系统地理学领域奠定了基础，该领域提供了对种群之间关系和连通性的更深层次的观察。20世纪90年代微卫星的发展为描述核基因座的遗传变异提供了更强大的手段，包括利用单一时间样本发现过去的瓶颈和估计当前有效种群数量的能力。在本世纪头十年，单核苷酸多态呈现出丰富的基因座，极大地提高了估计对保护重要的遗传和种群人口统计参数的能力。今天，种群基因组学提供了检测基因组中受自然选择(例如局部适应或近亲繁殖衰退)影响的区域的能力。此外，对历史样本进行基因分型的能力提供了了解气候变化和其他人为现象如何影响人口的能力。现代分子技术为理解自然种群的遗传变异提供了前所未有的力量。然而，这些信息的应用需要对群体遗传学理论有充分的理解。我认为，目前的保护遗传学培训太注重最新技术，而太少理解解释这些数据和提出好问题所需的概念基础。
I consider how the study of genetic variation has influenced efforts to conserve natural populations over the last 50years. Studies with allozymes in the 1970s provided the first estimates of the amount of genetic variation within and between natural populations at multiple loci. These early studies played an important role in developing plans to conserve species. The description of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA in the early 1980s laid the foundation for the field of phylogeography, which provided a deeper look in time of the relationships and connectivity among populations. The development of microsatellites in the 1990s provided much more powerful means to describe genetic variation at nuclear loci, including the ability to detect past bottlenecks and estimate current effective population size with a single temporal sample. In the 2000s, single nucleotide polymorphisms presented a cornucopia of loci that has greatly improved power to estimate genetic and population demographic parameters important for conservation. Today, population genomics presents the ability to detect regions of the genome that are affected by natural selection (e.g. local adaptation or inbreeding depression). In addition, the ability to genotype historical samples has provided power to understand how climate change and other anthropogenic phenomena have affected populations. Modern molecular techniques provide unprecedented power to understand genetic variation in natural populations. Nevertheless, application of this information requires sound understanding of population genetics theory. I believe that current training in conservation genetics focuses too much on the latest techniques and too little on understanding the conceptual basis which is needed to interpret these data and ask good questions.