Protein-Based Inheritance: Epigenetics beyond the Chromosome.
Protein-Based Inheritance: Epigenetics beyond the Chromosome.
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基于蛋白质的遗传：染色体以外的表观遗传学。
DOI：
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.030
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发表时间：
2018-01-18
期刊：
影响因子：
16
通讯作者：
Jarosz DF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey ZH;Chen Y;Jarosz DF
表观遗传学是指不是源于DNA序列的表型变化。这种现象已经在染色质修饰的背景下进行了很大程度的研究。然而，许多表观遗传特征反而与蛋白质的个体或集体活动的自我永久化变化有关。大多数这样的蛋白质都是普恩(如：[PSI+]、[URE3]、[SWI+]、[MOT3+]、[MPH1+]、[LSB+]和[GAR+])，它们具有在长生物时间尺度上采用自我模板的至少一种构象的能力。这使得它们可以作为基于蛋白质的表观遗传元件，很容易通过有丝分裂和减数分裂传播出去。在某些情况下，自我模板化可能会加剧疾病，但它也允许从同一多肽获得多种活动状态，并在世代之间传递信息。随之而来的表型变化允许遗传上相同的细胞表达不同的和经常适应的表型。虽然长期以来被认为是罕见的，但基于蛋白质的表观遗传现在已经在生命的所有领域被发现。
Epigenetics refers to changes in phenotype that are not rooted in DNA sequence. This phenomenon has largely been studied in the context of chromatin modification. Yet many epigenetic traits are instead linked to self-perpetuating changes in the individual or collective activity of proteins. Most such proteins are prions (e.g. [PSI+], [URE3], [SWI+], [MOT3+], [MPH1+], [LSB+], and [GAR+]), which have the capacity to adopt at least one conformation that self-templates over long biological timescales. This allows them to serve as protein-based epigenetic elements that are readily broadcast through mitosis and meiosis. In some circumstances self-templating can fuel disease, but it also permits access to multiple activity states from the same polypeptide, and transmission of that information across generations. Ensuing phenotypic changes allow genetically identical cells to express diverse and frequently adaptive phenotypes. Although long thought to be rare, protein-based epigenetic inheritance has now been uncovered in all domains of life.
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