Daytime eyeshine contributes to pupil camouflage in a cryptobenthic marine fish

Daytime eyeshine contributes to pupil camouflage in a cryptobenthic marine fish
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白天眼光有助于隐底栖海洋鱼类的瞳孔伪装

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-25599-y
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Michiels N.K.
Michiels N.K.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Santon M;Bitton P.P;Harant U.K;Michiels N.K.

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眼睛反光镜增强了眼睛在昏暗光线下的敏感度,但在照明时会产生反射的眼睛光泽。有些鱼可以在白天遮挡它们的反射器。相反的是观察到神秘的坐着等待捕食者,如蝎子鱼和蟾蜍鱼,其中反射器在夜间被遮挡,白天暴露。这导致白天的眼睛发亮,建议通过降低原本暗瞳孔和周围组织之间的对比度来增强瞳孔伪装。在这项研究中,我们测试了这一假设在蝎子鱼Scorpaena porcus,并表明,眼睛的光泽是两种机制的结果:先前描述的Stratum reflected(SAR)eyeshine,和色素上皮透射(PET)eyeshine,一个新描述的机制,这个物种。我们证实,眼反射器暴露时,只有眼睛是光适应,目前的实地测量表明,eyeshine降低对虹膜的瞳孔对比度。然后,我们估计的相对贡献的SAR和PET的眼睛光泽瞳孔亮度。在现场不同的光场景的视觉模型表明,白天的眼睛光泽增强瞳孔伪装从猎物鱼的角度来看。我们建议,一些隐底捕食者的反向遮挡机制已经演变为伪装和视觉之间的妥协。
Ocular reflectors enhance eye sensitivity in dim light, but can produce reflected eyeshine when illuminated. Some fish can occlude their reflectors during the day. The opposite is observed in cryptic sit-and-wait predators such as scorpionfish and toadfish, where reflectors are occluded at night and exposed during the day. This results in daytime eyeshine, proposed to enhance pupil camouflage by reducing the contrast between the otherwise dark pupil and the surrounding tissue. In this study, we test this hypothesis in the scorpionfishScorpaena porcusand show that eyeshine is the result of two mechanisms: the previously describedStratum Argenteum Reflected(SAR) eyeshine, andPigment Epithelium Transmitted(PET) eyeshine, a newly described mechanism for this species. We confirm that the ocular reflector is exposed only when the eye is light-adapted, and present field measurements to show that eyeshine reduces pupil contrast against the iris. We then estimate the relative contribution of SAR and PET eyeshine to pupil brightness. Visual models for different light scenarios in the field show that daytime eyeshine enhances pupil camouflage from the perspective of a prey fish. We propose that the reversed occlusion mechanism of some cryptobenthic predators has evolved as a compromise between camouflage and vision.
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