Land Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa
Land Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa
复制标题
亚洲和非洲的土地所有制改革
DOI：
10.1057/9781137343819
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Deininger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Holden;K. Otsuka;K. Deininger
土地改革在世界上许多国家的政治经济中发挥了核心作用，并受到不同政治利益集团和意识形态之间的巨大分歧。20世纪包括了历史上许多最大的社会土地改革试验，如前苏联、东欧、中国、越南和埃塞俄比亚。自那以后，这些改革中的许多都被部分逆转了。在其他有殖民历史的国家，殖民时期确立的财产权与传统(习惯)土地权之间存在紧张关系；如何使这些权利适应不断变化的条件已成为关键问题。一些国家因族裔、殖民和其他历史环境而产生了严重的土地分配偏差，这种偏差造成了对土地重新分配的需求，这既是为了减少歧视和贫困，也是为了刺激经济发展。几个因素在世界各地引发了人们对土地改革的新兴趣：
Land reforms have played a central role in the political economy of many countries in the world and have been subject to massive disagreements between different political interest groups and ideologies. The 20th century included many of the largest social land reform experiments in history, as in the erstwhile Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe, China, Vietnam and Ethiopia. Many of these reforms have since been partly reversed. In other countries with a colonial history, there have been tensions between the property rights established during the colonial period and traditional (customary) land rights; the ways to adapt these to changing conditions have become critical issues. Some countries have had very skewed land distributions rooted in ethnic, colonial and other historical circumstances, and this skew has created demands for land redistribution, both to reduce discrimination and poverty, and to stimulate economic development. Several factors have created a new interest in land reforms around the world: