Biomarker-Based Approaches for Assessing Alcohol Use Disorders.
Biomarker-Based Approaches for Assessing Alcohol Use Disorders.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13020166
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发表时间：
2016-01-27
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Niemelä O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Niemelä O
尽管酒精使用障碍是全世界主要的公共卫生问题之一，但危险的饮酒做法和相关的发病率仍然被低估。这里假设，更系统地使用生物标记物可以提高对酒精滥用在健康状况不佳背后的具体作用的检测。应通过调查问卷和测量乙醇及其特定代谢物，如乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷，获得有关近期酒精实际消费量的信息，从而开始干预措施。碳水化合物缺乏的转铁蛋白是评估慢性重度饮酒的有价值的工具。常见肝酶的活性可用于筛查乙醇引起的肝功能障碍，并提供有关包括胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征和血管疾病在内的共病风险的信息。传统的生物标志物辅以免疫激活和纤维化的指标，可以帮助评估乙醇诱导的组织损伤的严重程度和预后。许多对乙醇敏感的生物标志物对氧化应激状态做出反应，它们的水平受到生活方式因素的调节，包括体重增加、体育锻炼或喝咖啡，这些因素与年龄和性别有关。因此，应进一步注意在不同的人口统计类别中确定酒精摄入量的安全限值，并为酒精使用障碍的生物标志物建立共同的参考区间。
Although alcohol use disorders rank among the leading public health problems worldwide, hazardous drinking practices and associated morbidity continue to remain underdiagnosed. It is postulated here that a more systematic use of biomarkers improves the detection of the specific role of alcohol abuse behind poor health. Interventions should be initiated by obtaining information on the actual amounts of recent alcohol consumption through questionnaires and measurements of ethanol and its specific metabolites, such as ethyl glucuronide. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is a valuable tool for assessing chronic heavy drinking. Activities of common liver enzymes can be used for screening ethanol-induced liver dysfunction and to provide information on the risk of co-morbidities including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and vascular diseases. Conventional biomarkers supplemented with indices of immune activation and fibrogenesis can help to assess the severity and prognosis of ethanol-induced tissue damage. Many ethanol-sensitive biomarkers respond to the status of oxidative stress, and their levels are modulated by factors of life style, including weight gain, physical exercise or coffee consumption in an age- and gender-dependent manner. Therefore, further attention should be paid to defining safe limits of ethanol intake in various demographic categories and establishing common reference intervals for biomarkers of alcohol use disorders.