Inertial delay of self-propelled particles
Inertial delay of self-propelled particles
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-018-07596-x
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Christian Scholz;S. Jahanshahi;Anton Ldov;H. Löwen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christian Scholz;S. Jahanshahi;Anton Ldov;H. Löwen
自推进的大质量粒子在气体介质中的运动受惯性效应的支配。例子包括振动颗粒，激活复杂等离子体和飞行昆虫。然而，惯性在标准模型中通常被忽略。在这里，我们通过实验证明了惯性对宏观自推进粒子的重要性。我们观察到一个独特的惯性粒子的方向和速度之间的延迟，起源于系统中的有限弛豫时间。这种效果是充分解释了一个欠阻尼的推广积极布朗运动的朗之万模型。与被动系统形成鲜明对比的是，惯性延迟深刻地影响了长期动力学，并使控制主动物质自推进的新的基本策略成为可能。
The motion of self-propelled massive particles through a gaseous medium is dominated by inertial effects. Examples include vibrated granulates, activated complex plasmas and flying insects. However, inertia is usually neglected in standard models. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the significance of inertia on macroscopic self-propelled particles. We observe a distinct inertial delay between orientation and velocity of particles, originating from the finite relaxation times in the system. This effect is fully explained by an underdamped generalisation of the Langevin model of active Brownian motion. In stark contrast to passive systems, the inertial delay profoundly influences the long-time dynamics and enables new fundamental strategies for controlling self-propulsion in active matter.