Gadachrili Gora: Architecture and organisation of a Neolithic settlement in the middle Kura Valley (6th millennium BC, Georgia)
Gadachrili Gora: Architecture and organisation of a Neolithic settlement in the middle Kura Valley (6th millennium BC, Georgia)
复制标题
Gadachrili Gora：库拉山谷中部新石器时代定居点的建筑和组织（公元前六世纪，佐治亚州）
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.055
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
E. Messager
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Hamon;Mindia Jalabadze;Tata Agapishvili;E. Baudouin;Irakli Koridze;E. Messager
自20世纪70年代S以来，外高加索地区农业经济出现的机制一直是许多争论的主题。这场争论尤其集中在近东影响在公元前7千年末出现在库拉盆地的舒拉维里-修穆文化发展中所起的作用。最近，格鲁吉亚-法国考古队在Gadachrili Gora进行了考古调查，Gadachrili Gora是位于格鲁吉亚Kvemo-Kartli平原Chrami河支流的四个“舒拉维里群”之一。断代证据显然将这种说法的第一个层面置于文化发展的早期阶段，即公元前5920年至5720年之间。这些调查提供了关于新自由主义进程的新证据，特别是在定居点组织和当时使用的建筑技术方面。几个居住层的特点是连接在一起的大小不一的圆形单元，以及用作流通或垃圾处理区的“庭院”。这些结构的密度和组织在保留下来的两个不同的职业水平上表现出不同的模式。来自占领最深处的证据表明，定居点的占领密度很高，有复杂的破坏和重建事件。使用了几种建筑技术，包括不同类型的砖，根据墙的类型以不同的图案铺设。此外，有证据表明使用了该地区直到现在还不为人所知的“包格”建筑技术。与伊朗北部和美索不达米亚的建筑技术建立的相似之处有助于讨论舒拉维里文化出现的根本过程。此外，大量的存储结构和专门用于存储的有组织的已建空间的发现，引发了许多关于该地点的状况、农业实践的组织以及这些人口与区域内水文网络的关系的问题。
The mechanisms responsible for the emergence of a farming economy in Transcaucasia have been the subject of much debate since the 1970's. This debate has focused particularly on the role played by Near-Eastern influences in the development of the Shulaveri-Shomu culture, which emerged in the Kura Basin at the end of the 7th millennium BC. Recently, archaeological investigations have been conducted by a Georgian-French team in Gadachrili Gora, one of four “Shulaveri group” tells located on a tributary of the Chrami River in the Kvemo-Kartli plain of Georgia. Dating evidence clearly places the first levels of this tell in an early phase of the development of the culture, between 5920 and 5720 Cal BC. These investigations provide new evidence regarding the processes of neolithisation, especially in terms of settlement organisation and the architectural techniques used at the time. Several occupation levels feature connected circular units, of various sizes, together with “courtyards”, which were used as circulation – or waste disposal areas. The density and organisation of these structures display different patterns for the two distinct levels of occupation preserved. Evidence from the deepest occupation levels suggests a high density of occupation in the settlement, with complex episodes of destruction and rebuilding. Several building techniques were used, including different types of bricks laid in various patterns depending on wall types. In addition, there is evidence for the use of the “bauge” construction technique, which was unknown in the region until now. Parallels established with the construction techniques of Northern Iran and Mesopotamia contribute to the discussion regarding the processes underlying the emergence of the Shulaveri culture. Moreover, the high number of storage structures and the discovery of organized built spaces dedicated to storage raise many questions about the status of the site, the organisation of agricultural practices, and the relationship of these populations to the hydrographic network within the area.