Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) Bioimaging via Off-Peak NIR-I Fluorescence Emission.
Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) Bioimaging via Off-Peak NIR-I Fluorescence Emission.
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作者：
Zhu S;Yung BC;Chandra S;Niu G;Antaris AL;Chen X
第二个生物透明窗口(NIR-II；1000-1700 nm)的光子散射和最低组织自发荧光水平显著减少，与传统的近红外荧光团(~700-900 nm)相比，有助于提高体内生物成像的分辨率。然而，现有的NIR-II荧光剂调色板，包括半导体无机纳米材料和最近引入的小分子有机染料，在临床转化之前面临着重大的技术和监管障碍。幸运的是，最近对近红外-I染料(例如吲哚青绿(ICG)、IRDye800CW和IR-12N3)的光谱表征显示了长达1500 nm以上的不可忽略的发射尾巴。除了那些正在进行临床试验的染料之外，重新调整医学上最广泛使用的近红外染料的用途，为NIR-II临床翻译创造了一条加速的途径。本文从基础和临床两个方面综述了近红外荧光团在1000 nm以上成像的显著优势。我们进一步讨论了围绕NIR-II/短波红外(SWIR)发射、NIR-II发射尾部特征以及NIR-II成像的前景与临床可用的和商业可用的染料来优化NIR-I染料。
Significantly reduced photon scattering and minimal tissue autofluorescence levels in the second biological transparency window (NIR-II; 1000-1700 nm) facilitate higher resolution in vivo biological imaging compared to tradition NIR fluorophores (~700-900 nm). However, the existing palette of NIR-II fluorescent agents including semiconducting inorganic nanomaterials and recently introduced small-molecule organic dyes face significant technical and regulatory hurdles prior to clinical translation. Fortunately, recent spectroscopic characterization of NIR-I dyes (e.g., indocyanine green (ICG), IRDye800CW and IR-12N3) revealed long non-negligible emission tails reaching past 1500 nm. Repurposing the most widely used NIR dye in medicine, in addition to those in the midst of clinical trials creates an accelerated pathway for NIR-II clinical translation. This review focuses on the significant advantage of imaging past 1000 nm with NIR-I fluorophores from both a basic and clinical viewpoint. We further discuss optimizing NIR-I dyes around their NIR-II/shortwave infrared (SWIR) emission, NIR-II emission tail characteristics and prospects of NIR-II imaging with clinically available and commercially available dyes.