Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2015
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2015
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DOI：
10.2460/javma.250.10.1117
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发表时间：
2017-05-15
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Wallace, Ryan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birhane, Meseret G.;Cleaton, Julie M.;Wallace, Ryan M.
概述描述2015年期间美国发生的狂犬病和狂犬病相关事件。概述基于被动监测数据的观察性研究。动物2015年期间在美国提交进行狂犬病检测的所有动物。程序州和地区公共卫生计划提供了2015年提交进行狂犬病检测的动物数据。对数据进行时间和地理分析，以评估家养和森林动物狂犬病病例的趋势。2015年，50个州和波多黎各向CDC报告了5，508只狂犬病动物，比2014年报告的6，033只狂犬病动物减少了8.7%。在5,508例动物狂犬病病例中，5,088例（92.4%）涉及野生动物。主要动物群体的相对贡献如下：蝙蝠1，704只（30.9%）、浣熊1，619只（29.4%）、臭鼬1，365只（24.8%）、狐狸325只（5.9%）、猫244只（4.4%）、牛85只（1.5%）和狗67只（1.2%）。与2014年相比，2015年提交测试的样本数量减少了4.1%。2015年报告了3例人类狂犬病死亡，而2014年仅报告了1例。马萨诸塞州一名65岁的男子在国外时被一只狂犬病狗咬伤。怀俄明州一名77岁的妇女与蝙蝠接触。波多黎各一名54岁男子被猫鼬咬伤。这3例中唯一的连接是，没有收到postexadvertisement prophylaxis.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCELaboratory测试动物疑似狂犬病仍然是一个关键的公共卫生功能，并继续是一个具有成本效益的方法，直接影响人类狂犬病postexadvertisement预防建议。
OBJECTIVETo describe rabies and rabies-related events occurring during 2015 in the United States.DESIGNObservational study based on passive surveillance data.ANIMALSAll animals submitted for rabies testing in the United States during 2015.PROCEDURESState and territorial public health programs provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in 2015. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and sylvatic animal rabies cases.RESULTSDuring 2015, 50 states and Puerto Rico reported 5,508 rabid animals to the CDC, representing an 8.7% decrease from the 6,033 rabid animals reported in 2014. Of the 5,508 cases of animal rabies, 5,088 (92.4%) involved wildlife. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,704 (30.9%) bats, 1,619 (29.4%) raccoons, 1,365 (24.8%) skunks, 325 (5.9%) foxes, 244 (4.4%) cats, 85 (1.5%) cattle, and 67 (1.2%) dogs. There was a 4.1% decrease in the number of samples submitted for testing in 2015, compared with the number submitted in 2014. Three human rabies deaths were reported in 2015, compared with only 1 in 2014. A 65-year-old man in Massachusetts was bitten by a rabid dog while abroad. A 77-year-old woman in Wyoming had contact with a bat. A 54-year-old man in Puerto Rico was bitten by a mongoose. The only connection among these 3 cases was that none received postexposure prophylaxis.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCELaboratory testing of animals suspected to be rabid remains a critical public health function and continues to be a cost-effective method to directly influence human rabies postexposure prophylaxis recommendations.