Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms
Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms
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DOI：
10.1351/pac200779040481
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Cimino, Guido
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fontana, Angolo;d'Ippolito, Giuliana;Cimino, Guido
氧脂素是一种重要的信号转导分子，广泛分布于动植物体内，参与调节多种生理和病理过程。该家族包括几种不同的代谢物，它们共同来源于多不饱和脂肪酸的加氧酶催化氧化。这些化合物的生物学作用已特别在藻类和高等植物中进行了研究，尽管也有报道称海洋大型藻类中含有各种各样的和非常高浓度的这些产物。本文总结了我们的研究结果有关海洋硅藻，一个主要的类的浮游微藻，阻止捕食从他们的天然食草动物，动物浮游桡足类，使用化学战的oxlipin化学。这些表面上无害的微观细胞产生过多的氧脂素，包括短链不饱和醛，羟基，酮基和环氧羟基脂肪酸衍生物，通过流产，先天畸形和减少幼虫生长诱导桡足类生殖失败。这些化合物的生产中涉及的生化过程显示出基于预先存在的酶的分解和混合的简单调节，并且需要叶绿体衍生的糖脂的水解以供给C-16和C-20脂氧合酶的下游活性。
Oxylipins are important signal transduction molecules widely distributed in animals and plants where they regulate a variety of events associated with physiological and pathological processes. The family embraces several different metabolites that share a common origin from the oxygenase-catalyzed oxidation Of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biological role of these compounds has been especially studied in mammalians and higher plants, although a varied and very high concentration of these products has also been reported from marine macroalgae. This article gives a summary of our results concerning the oxylipin chemistry of marine diatoms, a major class of planktonic microalgae that discourage predation from their natural grazers, zooplanktonic copepods, using chemical warfare. These apparently harmless microscopic cells produce a plethora of oxylipins, including short-chain unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxyl-, keto-, and epoxyhydroxy fatty acid derivatives, that induce reproductive failure in copepods through abortions, congenital malformations, and reduced larval growth. The biochemical process involved in the production of these compounds shows a simple regulation based on decompartmentation and mixing of preexisting enzymes and requires hydrolysis of chloroplast-derived glycolipids to feed the downstream activities of C-16 and C-20 lipoxygenases.