Biotic interactions drive ecosystem responses to exotic plant invaders
Biotic interactions drive ecosystem responses to exotic plant invaders
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aba2225
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
L. Waller;Warwick J. Allen;Barbara I. P. Barratt;Leo M. Condron;Filipe França;John E. Hunt;N. Koele;K. Orwin;G. S. Steel;J. Tylianakis;Steve A Wakelin;Ian A. Dickie
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Waller;Warwick J. Allen;Barbara I. P. Barratt;Leo M. Condron;Filipe França;John E. Hunt;N. Koele;K. Orwin;G. S. Steel;J. Tylianakis;Steve A Wakelin;Ian A. Dickie
外来入侵植物已成为全球性的主要问题，对生态系统的组成和功能产生了变革性影响。在新西兰的一项多因素实验中，Waller等人表明，外来植物通过与无脊椎食草动物和土壤生物群的相互作用加速了土壤中的碳损失（见Urcelay和Austin的观点）。他们在野外建立了160个微型生态系统，操纵植物、无脊椎食草动物和土壤生物群之间的相互作用。关键的生物和非生物反应进行了测量，以量化的相对贡献和每个社区的组成部分的相互作用，揭示了潜在的入侵植物的影响和抑制通过生物相互作用的碳封存。《科学》，本期第967页;另见第934页：外来植物与食草动物和土壤生物群的相互作用支撑着碳循环速率的生态系统转变。植物入侵后，生态系统过程速率通常会增加，但这在多大程度上是由（i）生产力的变化，（ii）外来物种的性状，或（iii）新的（非共同进化）生物相互作用从未被量化。我们创造了不同的外来植物优势，植物性状，土壤生物区系和无脊椎食草动物和测量指标的碳循环的社区。与土壤生物区系和食草动物的相互作用是外来植物影响的最强驱动力，特别是对土壤碳周转的措施。此外，与生长和养分获取相关的植物性状解释了外来植物与本地植物相比与新生物群相互作用的方式的差异。我们的结论是，新的生物与外来物种的相互作用是一个更重要的驱动力，生态系统的转变比以前认识到的。
Exotic plants reduce carbon sequestration Invasive exotic plants have become a major problem worldwide, with transformational effects on the composition and function of ecosystems. In a multifactorial experiment in New Zealand, Waller et al. show that exotic plants accelerate carbon loss from soils through their interactions with invertebrate herbivores and soil biota (see the Perspective by Urcelay and Austin). They built 160 mini-ecosystems in the field, manipulating interactions among plants, invertebrate herbivores, and soil biota. Key biological and abiotic responses were measured to quantify the relative contribution and interactions of the components of each community, revealing the potential of invasive plants to influence and suppress carbon sequestration through biotic interactions. Science, this issue p. 967; see also p. 934 Exotic plant interactions with herbivores and soil biota underpin ecosystem transformations in carbon cycling rates. Ecosystem process rates typically increase after plant invasion, but the extent to which this is driven by (i) changes in productivity, (ii) exotic species’ traits, or (iii) novel (non-coevolved) biotic interactions has never been quantified. We created communities varying in exotic plant dominance, plant traits, soil biota, and invertebrate herbivores and measured indicators of carbon cycling. Interactions with soil biota and herbivores were the strongest drivers of exotic plant effects, particularly on measures of soil carbon turnover. Moreover, plant traits related to growth and nutrient acquisition explained differences in the ways that exotic plants interacted with novel biota compared with natives. We conclude that novel biological interactions with exotic species are a more important driver of ecosystem transformation than was previously recognized.