Wild caught Alaska sockeye salmon: A case study of the food energy water nexus for a sustainable wild catch fishery
Wild caught Alaska sockeye salmon: A case study of the food energy water nexus for a sustainable wild catch fishery
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野生捕捞的阿拉斯加红鲑鱼：可持续野生捕捞渔业的食物、能源、水关系的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133263
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
R. Hilborn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silvio Viglia;Mark T. Brown;D. C. Love;Jillian P. Fry;R. Neff;R. Hilborn
关于海产品，特别是野生捕捞渔业所含的能量和水的文献资料存在空白。这项工作利用初级和次级数据，通过生命周期的方法，评估能源和水消耗的捕捉和加工野生红鲑鱼在布里斯托湾，阿拉斯加（美国）。布里斯托湾红鲑鱼渔业是一个非常偏远的野生捕捞渔业。所有的材料投入和劳动力都是从阿拉斯加其他地区和美国各州空运来的。此外，阿拉斯加州开展了大规模的监测和执法工作，以可持续地管理渔业。因此，我们扩大了系统的边界，包括能源和水的通勤劳动者和监管机构描绘系统在更广泛的背景下。进行了结构化的访谈，以了解渔民和加工者有关用水和能源的信息，并确定减少渔业能源和水需求的潜力。与捕捞和加工红鲑相关的能量范围在24.6至33.8 MJ kg− 1之间，捕捞努力量占产品总能量的43%。最终红鲑鱼产品中的水含量在10至23升/千克之间，主要是加工和包装的结果。结合起来，劳动力运输和渔业管理贡献了8%的体现在红宝石产品的能量，而贡献不到1%的水体现在红宝石产品。渔业管理的能源成本虽然不是微不足道的，但却是无关紧要的，应该为持续的可持续管理提供充分的理由，并为消费者的选择提供有力的信息。政府法规和偏远的地理位置相结合，导致这种已经高效的渔业几乎没有机会降低能源和水的需求。
There is a gap in information in the literature regarding the energy and water embodied is seafood, especially wild catch fisheries. This work draws on primary and secondary data to assess, through a life cycle approach, the energy and water consumed to catch and process wild sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay, Alaska (USA). The Bristol Bay sockeye salmon fishery is a very remote wild catch fishery. All material inputs and labor are either barged or flown in from other parts of Alaska, and the lower U.S. states. In addition, a large monitoring and enforcement effort by the State of Alaska is conducted to sustainably manage the fishery. We therefore expanded the system boundary to include energy and water for commuting laborer's and regulators to depict the system within a wider context. Structured interviews were conducted to elicit information from fishers and processors related to their use of water and energy and to ascertain potentials for reducing energy and water demand of the fishery. The energy associated with fishing and processing sockeye ranges between 24.6 and 33.8 MJ kg−1with fishing effort accounting for 43% of the total energy embodied in products. The water embodied in final sockeye salmon products ranged between 10 and 23 L/kg, mainly the result of processing and packaging. Combined, labor transport and fishery management contributed 8% to the embodied energy in sockeye products, while contributing less that 1% of the water embodied in sockeye products. While not insignificant, the energy costs of fishery management are inconsequential and should provide adequate justification for continued sustainable management and forceful information for consumer choice. The combination of governmental regulations and the remote location results in few opportunities for lowering energy and water demand of this already efficient fishery.