Familial transmission of substance dependence: Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and habitual smoking - A report from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism
Familial transmission of substance dependence: Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and habitual smoking - A report from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.982
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reich, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bierut, LJ;Dinwiddie, SH;Reich, T
背景：酗酒和物质依赖经常同时发生。因此，我们在酒精中毒遗传学合作研究中评估了酒精、大麻和可卡因依赖以及习惯性吸烟的家族传播。方法：招募符合 DSM-III-R 酒精依赖和 Feighner 明确酒精中毒标准的受试者 (n = 1212) 及其兄弟姐妹 (n = 2755) 进行研究。还招募了比较样本（先证者，n = 217；兄弟姐妹，n = 254）。受试者接受了酒精中毒遗传学半结构化评估的采访。通过Cox比例风险模型测量酒精依赖和非酒精依赖先证者的兄弟姐妹中药物依赖和习惯性吸烟的家族聚集性。结果：与对照兄弟姐妹相比，酒精依赖先证者的兄弟姐妹中酒精、大麻和可卡因依赖和习惯性吸烟的比率增加。对于酒精依赖先证者的兄弟姐妹，49.3%至50.1%的兄弟和22.4%至25.0%的姐妹有酒精依赖（终身诊断），但先证者共病物质依赖并没有进一步增加这种升高的风险。大麻依赖先证者的兄弟姐妹发生大麻依赖的风险较高（相对风险[RR]，1.78），可卡因依赖先证者的兄弟姐妹发生可卡因依赖的风险较高（RR，1.71）。习惯性吸烟也有类似的发现（习惯性吸烟先证者的兄弟姐妹中的RR为1.77）。结论：酒精、大麻和可卡因依赖以及习惯性吸烟都是家族性的，并且有证据表明常见和特定的成瘾因素在家庭中传播。这种特异性表明每种物质依赖的发展都有独立的致病因素。
Background: Alcoholism and substance dependence frequently co-occur. Accordingly, we evaluated the familial transmission of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine dependence and habitual smoking in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism.Methods: Subjects (n = 1212) who met criteria for both DSM-III-R alcohol dependence and Feighner definite alcoholism and their siblings (n = 2755) were recruited for study. A comparison sample was also recruited (probands, n = 217; siblings, n = 254). Subjects were interviewed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. The familial aggregation of drug dependence and habitual smoking in siblings of alcohol-dependent and non-alcohol-dependent probands was measured by means of the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Rates of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine dependence and habitual smoking were increased in siblings of alcohol-dependent probands compared with siblings of controls. For siblings of alcohol-dependent probands, 49.3% to 50.1% of brothers and 22.4% to 25.0% of sisters were alcohol dependent (lifetime diagnosis), but this elevated risk was not further increased by comorbid substance dependence in probands. Siblings of marijuana-dependent probands had an elevated risk of developing marijuana dependence (relative risk [RR], 1.78) and siblings of cocaine-dependent probands had an elevated risk of developing cocaine dependence (RR, 1.71). There was a similar finding for habitual smoking (RR, 1.77 in siblings of habitual-smoking probands).Conclusions: Alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine dependence and habitual smoking are all familial, and there is evidence of both common and specific addictive factors transmitted in families. This specificity suggests independent causative factors in the development of each type of substance dependence.