Effects of Stimulus Order on Comparative Judgments Across Stimulus Attributes and Sensory Modalities
Effects of Stimulus Order on Comparative Judgments Across Stimulus Attributes and Sensory Modalities
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000495
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bausenhart, Karin M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellinghaus, Ruben;Ulrich, Rolf;Bausenhart, Karin M.
在心理物理学实验中，参与者经常被要求比较恒定标准的大小与变量比较的大小。根据刺激辨别的突出模型，辨别灵敏度应该仅取决于这两种刺激之间的物理幅度差异，而不是它们呈现的顺序。然而，以前的实验听觉持续时间的歧视表明，歧视的敏感性更高时，标准之前，而不是以下的比较。目前尚不清楚这种B型效应是否仅出现在持续时间辨别中，还是在模态和刺激属性中普遍存在。因此，我们进行了一项研究，参与者对各种刺激属性（即，持续时间、频率、强度和数量），每一个都在视觉和听觉模态中。在所有情况下，辨别灵敏度较高时，标准之前，而不是之后的比较。这一结果表明，B型效应并不局限于时间认知领域，而是反映了一系列领域和模态的普遍现象。本实验的结果与内部参考模型一致，根据该模型，B型效应是动态更新的内部参考的结果，其用于比较过程。可替代地，对于第二刺激位置具有比对于第一刺激位置更大的权重的加权差异模型也可以解释该结果。
In psychophysical experiments, participants are often asked to compare the magnitude of a constant standard against the magnitude of a variable comparison. According to prominent models of stimulus discrimination, discrimination sensitivity should depend only on the physical magnitude difference between these two stimuli but not on the order of their presentation. However, previous experiments on auditory duration discrimination have shown that discrimination sensitivity is higher when the standard precedes rather than follows the comparison. It is presently unclear whether this Type B effect emerges only for duration discrimination or generalizes across modalities and stimulus attributes. Therefore, we conducted a study in which participants performed several discrimination tasks for various stimulus attributes (i.e., duration, frequency, intensity, and numerosity), each in the visual and in the auditory modality. In all cases, discrimination sensitivity was higher when the standard preceded rather than followed the comparison. This result indicates that the Type B effect is not restricted to the domain of temporal cognition but rather reflects a general phenomenon across a range of domains and modalities. The outcome of the present experiment is consistent with the internal reference model according to which the Type B effect is a consequence of a dynamically updated internal reference, which is used in the comparison process. Alternatively, a weighted difference model with a larger weight for the second stimulus position than for the first stimulus position can also account for this result.