Grading Estimates of the Benefits and Costs of Federal Regulation
Grading Estimates of the Benefits and Costs of Federal Regulation
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联邦监管的收益和成本的分级估计
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.937357
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Harrington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Harrington
我回顾了最近对联邦监管成本的两项估计，其中一项是联邦监管的收益。第一个可以在管理和预算办公室 2005 年向国会提交的关于联邦法规的收益和成本的报告中找到（OMB 2005b）。 OMB 估计 2004 年的年度效益为 70 至 2,770 亿美元，成本为 34 至 390 亿美元，但这些估计遗漏了很多内容；人们普遍认为，特别是成本估算是低估的。另一项估算由 Mark Crain (Crain 2005) 撰写并由小企业管理局赞助，使用不同的方法并得出 1 万亿美元的估算值。克雷恩还发现，小企业的负担比大企业的负担要大得多。在本文的最后部分，我还回顾了 2005 年向国会提交的报告中最近对各项法规的效益和成本进行事前和事后估计的比较。我发现克雷恩的报告存在很大问题，而管理和预算办公室的事前/事后比较则问题稍小一些。
I review two recent estimates of the costs and, in one case, benefits of federal regulation. The first is found in the Office of Management and Budget’s 2005 report to Congress on the benefits and costs of federal regulations (OMB 2005b). OMB estimates annual benefits in 2004 to be $70 to $277 billion and costs to be $34 to $39 billion, but these estimates omit a great deal; the cost estimate, in particular, is generally acknowledged to be an underestimate. The other estimate, written by Mark Crain (Crain 2005) and sponsored by the Small Business Administration, uses a different approach and generates an estimate of $1 trillion. Crain also finds that the burden on small firms is much greater than the burden on large firms. In the final section of the paper, I also review a recent comparison, presented in the 2005 report to Congress, of ex ante and ex post estimates of the benefits and costs of individual regulations. I find the Crain report to be deeply problematic and the OMB’s ex ante/ex post comparison slightly less so.