Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980-2009)
Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980-2009)
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DOI：
10.1017/s0003055413000221
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Cohen, Dara Kay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Dara Kay
为什么有些武装团体在战争期间犯下大规模强奸罪，而另一些武装团体却从不这样做？使用原始数据集，我描述了在最近的内战中，武装分子强奸的实质性变化，并测试了一系列相互竞争的因果解释。我发现有证据表明，招募机制与战时强奸的发生有关。具体来说，研究结果支持一个论点，战时强奸作为一种社会化的方法，其中武装团体通过强迫招募通过绑架或强征使用强奸来创建单位凝聚力。国家的软弱和叛乱分子的违禁品资金也与叛乱团体增加战时强奸有关。我研究观察到的影响，在塞拉利昂内战的一个简短的案例研究的论点。研究结果对战时强奸的常见解释提出了挑战，对学者和政策制定者具有重要意义。
Why do some armed groups commit massive wartime rape, whereas others never do? Using an original dataset, I describe the substantial variation in rape by armed actors during recent civil wars and test a series of competing causal explanations. I find evidence that the recruitment mechanism is associated with the occurrence of wartime rape. Specifically, the findings support an argument about wartime rape as a method of socialization, in which armed groups that recruit by force-through abduction or pressganging-use rape to create unit cohesion. State weakness and insurgent contraband funding are also associated with increased wartime rape by rebel groups. I examine observable implications of the argument in a brief case study of the Sierra Leone civil war. The results challenge common explanations for wartime rape, with important implications for scholars and policy makers.