Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium
Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium
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DOI：
10.1007/s00127-013-0730-y
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hunt, Kate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sweeting, Helen;Bhaskar, Abita;Hunt, Kate
鉴于性别角色态度 (GRA) 和实际性别角色对幸福感有影响的证据，我们研究了工作年龄男性和女性的 GRA、三种角色（婚姻状况、家务分工、夫妻就业）与心理困扰之间的关联。我们通过关注两个日期的三个年龄组来调查反映更广泛的社会和经济变化的时间趋势。我们使用了 1991 年（N = 5,302）和 2007 年（N = 6,621）异性夫妇家庭中 20 至 64 岁的英国家庭小组调查数据。我们检查了： 根据性别、年龄、日期、家庭和就业角色划分的传统 GRA 水平； GRA 和角色与心理困扰的关联（通过 GHQ-12 测量）；当 GRA 与实际角色发生冲突时，心理困扰是否会增加；以及这些关联是否因性别、年龄或日期而有所不同。女性、年轻人、2007 年参与者以及“不太传统”的关系和家庭中的性别传统主义程度较低。那些拥有更传统的 GRA 的人，尤其是那些没有工作的男性，心理困扰更高，并且有一些证据表明，根据年龄组，存在不同的关联模式。仅在女性中，有限的证据表明，当 GRA 和实际角色发生冲突时，心理困扰会增加，而当 GRA 和角色一致时，心理困扰会减少，特别是在家务和有酬就业方面。尽管性别角色和态度的某些方面（传统主义和有酬就业）与幸福感相关，但其他方面（婚姻状况和家务）以及态度角色一致性，可能对当代英国成年人的幸福感影响不大。
Given evidence that gender role attitudes (GRAs) and actual gender roles impact on well-being, we examine associations between GRAs, three roles (marital status, household chore division, couple employment) and psychological distress in working-age men and women. We investigate time-trends reflecting broader social and economic changes, by focusing on three age groups at two dates.We used British Household Panel Survey data from 20- to 64-year-olds in heterosexual couple households in 1991 (N = 5,302) and 2007 (N = 6,621). We examined: levels of traditional GRAs according to gender, age, date, household and employment roles; associations which GRAs and roles had with psychological distress (measured via the GHQ-12); whether psychological distress increased when GRAs conflicted with actual roles; and whether any of these associations differed according to gender, age or date.Gender traditionalism was lower among women, younger people, those participating in 2007 and in 'less traditional' relationships and households. Psychological distress was higher among those with more traditional GRAs and, particularly among men, for those not employed, and there was some evidence of different patterns of association according to age-group. There was limited evidence, among women only, of increased psychological distress when GRAs and actual roles conflicted and/or reductions when GRAs and roles agreed, particularly in respect of household chores and paid employment.Although some aspects of gender roles and attitudes (traditionalism and paid employment) are associated with well-being, others (marital status and household chores), and attitude-role consistency, may have little impact on the well-being of contemporary UK adults.