On necessarily welfare-enhancing free trade areas
On necessarily welfare-enhancing free trade areas
复制标题
论必然提高福利的自由贸易区
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-1996(01)00152-0
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
P. Krishna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Panagariya;P. Krishna
著名的Kemp-Vanek-Ohyama-Wan命题认为，如果两个或两个以上的国家通过共同的外部关税冻结其净对外贸易矢量并消除内部贸易壁垒，从而形成关税同盟，那么整个联盟和世界其他地区的情况不会比以前更糟。由于自由贸易区（其成员国对特定国家实施外部关税矢量）并不使其成员国之间的边际替代率相等（与CU相反），文献无法提供有关福利改善自由贸易区（FTA）的平行论证。本文件消除了这一差距。在将结果扩展到中间投入的情况下，本文还对支持这种必然提高福利的自由贸易协定所需的原产地规则进行了新的阐述。我们在这里表明，只要不允许贸易转向，原产地规则所要求的只是允许在联盟内生产的货物--无论是最终产品还是中间产品--自由贸易。最终产品的国内附加值比例不作为原产地规则的标准。
The well-known Kemp–Vanek–Ohyama–Wan proposition establishes that if two or more countries form a customs union (CU) by freezing their net external trade vector through a common external tariff and eliminating internal trade barriers, the union as a whole and the rest of the world cannot be worse off than before. Owing to the fact that a Free Trade Area (whose member countries impose country specific external tariff vectors) does not equalize marginal rates of substitution across its member countries (in contrast to a CU), the literature has been unable to provide a parallel demonstration regarding welfare improving Free Trade Areas (FTAs). The present paper eliminates this gap. In extending the result to the case with intermediate inputs, the paper also sheds new light on the rules of origin required to support such necessarily welfare enhancing FTAs. We show here that provided no trade deflection is permitted, all that is required by way of rules of origin is that the goods produced within the union – whether final or intermediate – be allowed to be traded freely. The proportion of domestic value added in final goods does not enter as a criterion in the rules of origin.
Arvind Panagariya：“优惠贸易的米德模型：历史、分析和政策含义”(1996)
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