The origins of status hierarchies: A formal theory and empirical test
The origins of status hierarchies: A formal theory and empirical test
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DOI：
10.1086/341744
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gould, RV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gould, RV
这篇文章提供了一个正式的理论模型，等级制度的出现，桥梁之间的分歧的个人主义和结构主义的不平等帐户。在该模型中，参与者通过根据集体归因调整自己的地位授予手势来再现地位等级。这些集体归因只是个体姿态的总和，导致自我强化的地位排名。然而，当人们更喜欢他们的地位授予行为的回报时，就不鼓励“赢者通吃”的等级制度。因此，该模型将地位排名描述为一种平衡，这种平衡是由个人对社会影响和对做出非回报姿态的厌恶之间的权衡反应产生的。对该模型的分析产生了几个关于社会网络在平衡状态下应该表现出的模式的精确预测。关于任务组的互动、兄弟会的友谊评分以及一组五胞胎婴儿的玩耍数据表明，形式理论对网络结构做出了异常准确的预测。
This article offers a formal theoretical model of the emergence of hierarchy that bridges the division between individualistic and structuralist accounts of inequality. In the model, actors reproduce status hierarchies by adjusting their own status- conferring gestures according to collective attributions. These collective attributions are just the aggregate of individual gestures, leading to a self-reinforcing status ranking. Winner-take- all hierarchies are discouraged, however, when people prefer reciprocation of their status-conferring actions. The model therefore depicts a status ranking as an equilibrium resulting from individual responses to the trade- off between social influence and the distaste for making unreciprocated gestures. Analysis of the model generates several precise predictions about the patterns that social networks should exhibit at equilibrium. Data on interaction in task groups, friendship ratings in a fraternity, and play in a set of infant quintuplets is used to show that the formal theory makes unusually accurate predictions about network structure.