SOCIAL-EXCHANGE THEORY
SOCIAL-EXCHANGE THEORY
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.002003
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
EMERSON, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EMERSON, RM
社会生活的大部分涉及个人或企业参与者之间的二人、团体、组织或网络之间的互动，这些互动可以被视为社会交换。本章概述了社会交换的主要理论，重点关注社会学的主要贡献者，包括乔治·霍曼斯（George Homans）、彼得·布劳（Peter Blau）、理查德·M·爱默生（Richard M. Emerson）以及后来在其原始表述的基础上开展工作的人。近几十年来发展的理论主要关注通过反复交换而创建的社会结构，以及这些结构限制和支持行为者行使权力和影响力的方式。交换传统中涉及的其他相关社会过程包括人际承诺、信任、公平、程序和分配正义、联盟形成和集体行动。最近的工作还关注情感及其在社会交换中的作用。讨论了在实验室和实验室外的世界中研究社会交换的方法论挑战，以及交换理论与经济社会学家和网络学者更广泛地研究的主题之间的联系，包括互联网介导的交换及其日益增长的重要性。
Much of social life involves interactions between individuals or corporate actors in dyads, groups, organizations or networks that can be viewed as social exchanges. This chapter presents an overview of the main theories of social exchange focusing on the key contributors in sociology, including George Homans, Peter Blau, Richard M. Emerson and those whose work subsequently built on their original formulations. The theories that have been developed in recent decades have focused on the social structures created by repeated exchanges and the ways in which these structures both constrain and enable actors to exercise power and influence. Other related social processes addressed within the exchange tradition include interpersonal commitment, trust, fairness, procedural and distributive justice, coalition formation and collective action. Recent work also focuses on emotions and their role in social exchange. The methodological challenges of studying social exchange in the laboratory and in the world outside the lab are addressed as well as links between exchange theory and topics under study by economic sociologists and network scholars more broadly, including Internet-mediated exchanges and their growing significance.