The Free Economy and the Strong State
The Free Economy and the Strong State
复制标题
自由经济与强国
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-349-19438-4
复制
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Gamble
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Gamble
积累速度的减缓为凯恩斯主义政治经济学的广泛抵制和对社会民主主义的政策、价值观和组织的冲击提供了机会。在英国知识分子中，总是有一种成分，它从来不需要太多的诱导就能加入到集体的右倾潮流中来。我们经常被告知，“知识分子”终于对社会主义失去了信心（这是继他们在20世纪50年代初最终拒绝社会主义之后的又一次）。即使到了现在，他们已经改变了看法，认为有必要抵制极权主义和英国工党，并拒绝接受1940年代建立的政策和机构中所载的集体主义和平等的信念。除了这些受新右翼民粹主义鼓噪影响的“改变了思想的人”之外，近年来还发生了一场真实的思想变革，通过阐述社会市场经济学说，自由主义政治经济学的显著复兴，这一学说在过去十年中以不同的名义在保守党内部取得了越来越大的进展。1979年当选的保守党政府在关键的经济部门（财政部、工业部、贸易部、能源部）有一批部长，他们都是这一学说的拥护者，并准备按照它的规定治理国家。社会市场经济一词起源于德国，源于1945年后流行的新自由主义思想。在英国和美国，包括F.A.哈耶克和米尔顿弗里德曼，并在英国被经济事务研究所和政策研究中心等组织，被《泰晤士报》和《每日电讯报》的主要撰稿人，被彼得·杰伊、塞缪尔·布里坦和帕特里克·胡特伯等经济评论家，以及保守党政治家（最初是以诺鲍威尔;最近是基思约瑟夫）所普及。
The slow-down in the pace of accumulation has provided the opportunity for a widespread rejection of Keynesian political economy and an onslaught on the policies, values and organizations of social democracy. There has always been an element among British intellectuals which has never required much inducement to join a collective stampede to the right. We are constantly being told that 'intellectuals' are finally losing faith in socialism (this follows their previous final rejection of it in the early 1950s). They have been converted, even at this late hour, to the need to resist totalitarianism and the British Labour Party, and to reject the beliefs in collectivism and equality that were enshrined in the policies and institutions established in the 1940s. Aside from these 'men who have changed their minds', swayed by the populist clamour of the new right, there has also been in recent years a real intellectual change, a remarkable revival of liberal political economy through the elaboration of the doctrine of the social market economy, a doctrine which, under different labels, has made increasing headway within the Conservative party in the last ten years. The Conservative Government elected in 1979 had a group of ministers in the crucial economic ministries (Treasury, Industry, Trade, Energy), who were all adherents of the doctrine and prepared to govern in accordance with its prescriptions. The term social market economy originated in Germany from the neo-liberal ideas that were current there after 1945. In Britain and America similar ideas have been put forward by a number of theorists including F.A. Hayek and Milton Friedman, and popularized in Britain by organizations like the Institute for Economic Affairs and the Centre for Policy Studies, by lead writers in the Times and Daily Telegraph, by economic commentators such as Peter Jay, Samuel Brittan, and Patrick Hutber, and by Conservative politicians (Enoch Powell at first; more recently, Keith Joseph).