Are there multiple mating strategies in blue sheep?
Are there multiple mating strategies in blue sheep?
复制标题
岩羊有多种交配策略吗？
DOI：
10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00134-0
复制
发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
S. Ale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lovari;S. Ale
尽管 Schaller (1973, 1977) 和 Wilson (1984) 已经描述了蓝羊 Pseudois nayaur (HODGSON, 1833) 的竞争和求偶行为模式，但缺乏关于其交配策略和替代交配策略的详细信息。大多数山地有蹄类动物（例如大角羊 O6is canadensis）的传统策略是基于“跟随”（sensu Gosling，1986，在 Hogg，1984 年称为“照料”；Hogg 和 Forbes，1997），占主导地位的公羊保护发情的母羊，但不限制它们的活动（Geist，1971）。在另一种策略“阻挡”中，下属公羊试图将发情的母羊与占主导地位的公羊隔离开来，而在“追逐”中，它们试图在没有任何先前求爱的情况下获得与逃跑的母羊的临时交配机会（Hogg，1984；Hogg和Forbes，1997）。如果替代交配策略（以下简称 AMT）的回报（即雌性成功受精）相等（Gadgil，1972；Dunbar，1982；Krebs 和 Davies，1993），或者当它们为某些雄性提供唯一的交配方式，即它们对雄性的成本小于潜在收益（Hogg 和 Forbes，1997），则它们可以在进化上与主要策略共存。由于雄性和雌性行为对环境参数和个体能力差异的适应性调整，种群内部和种群之间的交配行为可能存在一些差异（Clutton-Brock，1989）。根据环境条件，雄性可能会改变其交配策略（例如Gosling，1986；Lovari和Locati，1991；Thirgood等人，1999），因此两个或多个交配系统可以在一个物种或单个种群内共存。大角羊身上诸如Coursing和Blocking等AMT的存在引起了行为生物学家的极大兴趣。大角羊和岩羊在生态上具有可比性（Schaller，1977）；在这两个物种中，雄性都比雌性大 1/3 以上；雄性有巨大的角，而雌性则有更小的、未分化的角；男性身体生长较快，6-7岁后趋于稳定；睾丸相对较大（大角羊；Shackleton，1985；岩羊；Wang 和 Hoffmann，1987）。 If0376-6357/01/$-参见前言© 2001 Elsevier Science BV 保留所有权利。
Although agonistic and courtship behaviour patterns of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (HODGSON, 1833) have been described by Schaller (1973, 1977) and Wilson (1984), detailed information on its mating strategies and alternative mating tactics are lacking. The conventional tactic in most mountain ungulates, such as bighorn sheep O6is canadensis, is based on ‘Following’(sensu Gosling, 1986, called ‘Tending’in Hogg, 1984; Hogg and Forbes, 1997) whereby dominant rams defend oestrous ewes but do not restrict their movements (Geist, 1971). In the alternative tactic of ‘Blocking’, subordinate rams try to sequester oestrous ewes from dominant rams, whereas in ‘Coursing’they attempt to gain temporary copulatory access to escaping ewes without any previous courtship (Hogg, 1984; Hogg and Forbes, 1997). Alternative mating tactics (hereafter, AMTs) can evolutionarily coexist with the main strategy, if their payoff (ie successful fertilisation of females) is equal (Gadgil, 1972; Dunbar, 1982; Krebs and Davies, 1993) or when they provide the only way for some males to mate, ie their cost to a male is less than potential benefit (Hogg and Forbes, 1997). The presence of some variation in mating behaviour may be expected within and between populations as a consequence of adaptive adjustment of male and female behaviour to differences in environmental parameters and individual capabilities (Clutton-Brock, 1989). Depending on environmental conditions, males may switch their mating strategies (eg Gosling, 1986; Lovari and Locati, 1991; Thirgood et al., 1999), hence two or more mating systems could coexist within a species or a single population. The existence of AMTs such as Coursing and Blocking in bighorn sheep has aroused great interest amongst behavioural biologists. Bighorn sheep and blue sheep are ecologically comparable (Schaller, 1977); in both the species, males are over 1/3 bigger than the females; males bear massive horns, whereas females have much smaller, undifferentiated horns; body growth of males is fast and tends to stabilise after 6–7 years of age; testes are comparatively large (bighorn; Shackleton, 1985; blue sheep; Wang and Hoffmann, 1987). If0376-6357/01/$-see front matter© 2001 Elsevier Science BV All rights reserved.