Independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT family in animals
Independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT family in animals
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DOI：
10.1242/bio.041962
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ito, Michihiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mawaribuchi, Shuuji;Ito, Yuzuru;Ito, Michihiko
一些DMRT家族基因包括节肢动物dsx、线虫mAb-3和脊椎动物dmrt 1参与双侧性动物的性别决定和/或分化。虽然已有一些报道利用系统发育树对该科进行了进化分析，但这三个性别决定相关基因是否存在同源关系仍不清楚。为了澄清这个问题，我们分析了家庭成员之间的进化关系，在各种bilaterians不仅使用系统发育树分析，但也同线性分析。我们发现只有dmrt 2a/2b、dmrt 3、dmrt 4/5和dmrt 93 B四个基因在无脊椎动物的双层中普遍存在。dmrt 2a/2b-dmrt 3和dmrt 4/5-dmrt 93 B的同线性在祖先脊椎动物的两轮全基因组复制前后是保守的。重要的是，这表明dmrt 1一定出现在共同的脊椎动物祖先中。此外，dmrt 1，dsx，mAb-3在我们的系统发育树中形成了一个距离不同的簇。从这些发现中，我们得出结论，三个性别决定相关基因，dmrt 1，dsx，和单抗-3没有直系亲属关系，并建议独立的进化性别决定和分化的DMRT基因家族。我们的研究结果可能提供线索，为什么性别决定系统在动物进化过程中出现分歧。
Some DMRT family genes including arthropod dsx, nematode mab-3, and vertebrate dmrt1 are involved in sex determination and/or differentiation in bilaterian animals. Although there have been some reports about evolutionary analyses of the family by using its phylogenetic trees, it is still undecided as to whether these three sex determination-related genes share orthologous relationships or not. To clarify this question, we analyzed evolutional relationships among the family members in various bilaterians by using not only phylogenetic tree analysis, but also synteny analysis. We found that only four genes, dmrt2a/2b, dmrt3, dmrt4/5 and dmrt93B were commonly present in invertebrate bilateria. The syntenies of dmrt2a/2b-dmrt3 and dmrt4/5-dmrt93B are conserved before and after two rounds of whole genome duplication in the ancestral vertebrate. Importantly, this indicates that dmrt1 must have appeared in the common vertebrate ancestor. In addition, dmrt1, dsx, or mab-3 formed each different cluster at a distance in our phylogenetic tree. From these findings, we concluded that the three sex determination-related genes, dmrt1, dsx, and mab-3 have no orthologous relationships, and suggested independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT gene family. Our results may supply clues about why sex-determining systems have diverged during animal evolution.