Approaches to radiation guidelines for space travel.
Approaches to radiation guidelines for space travel.
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DOI：
10.1016/0273-1177(84)90234-5
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fry, R J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fry, R J
太空旅行的风险显然比任何辐射风险都要大。尽管如此，美国宇航局一直保持着一个辐射计划，包括维护辐射暴露的记录，并进行规划，使宇航员的暴露尽可能低，而不仅仅是在目前的指导方针。这些准则目前正在由NCRP第75委员会重新审查，因为有了新的信息，例如，辐射诱发癌症的风险估计和HZE粒子的影响。此外，1970年没有对妇女的风险进行估计或提出建议，现在必须加以考虑。目前的职业限制是400雷姆的血液形成器官。目前正在审查这一限额的适当性及其依据以及对具体机关的限额。现在有更多的关于辐射效应与年龄相关性的资料，这一点将得到考虑。1973年，国家研究理事会的一个委员会对高杂波效应进行了单独研究，得出的结论是，随之而来的风险不会对低倾角近地轨道飞行任务构成危险。自那时以来，一直在研究HZE粒子造成的所谓微损伤以及包括铁在内的重离子的相对致癌作用。剩下的一个问题是，在考虑中的飞行任务中，高爆炸性物质粒子的通量是否会达到令人关切的程度。最后，委员会打算明确指出需要进一步研究的领域。
There are obvious risks in space travel that have loomed larger than any risk from radiation. Nevertheless, NASA has maintained a radiation program that has involved maintenance of records of radiation exposure, and planning so that the astronauts' exposures are kept as low as possible, and not just within the current guidelines. These guidelines are being reexamined currently by NCRP Committee 75 because new information is available, for example, risk estimates for radiation-induced cancer and about the effects of HZE particles. Furthermore, no estimates of risk or recommendations were made for women in 1970 and must now be considered. The current career limit is 400 rem to the blood forming organs. The appropriateness of this limit and its basis are being examined as well as the limits for specific organs. There is now considerably more information about age-dependency for radiation effects and this will be taken into account. In 1973 a committee of the National Research Council made a separate study of HZE particle effects and it was concluded that the attendant risks did not pose a hazard for low inclination near-earth orbit missions. Since that time work has been carried out on the so-called microlesions caused by HZE particles and on the relative carcinogenic effect of heavy ions, including iron. A remaining question is whether the fluence of HZE particles could reach levels of concern in missions under consideration. Finally, it is the intention of the committee to indicate clearly the areas requiring further research.