Imperfect slope measurements drive overestimation in a geometric cone model of lake and reservoir depth

Imperfect slope measurements drive overestimation in a geometric cone model of lake and reservoir depth
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不完美的坡度测量导致湖泊和水库深度的几何锥模型中的高估

DOI:
10.1080/20442041.2021.2006553
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Soranno, Patricia A.
Soranno, Patricia A.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stachelek, Jemma;Hanly, Patrick J.;Soranno, Patricia A.

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湖泊和水库(水体)深度是影响许多重要生态过程的关键特征。不幸的是,深度测量的收集工作需要大量劳动力,并且仅适用于全球一小部分水体。因此,科学家们试图根据所有水体容易获得的特征来预测深度​​,例如表面积或周围土地的坡度。预测水体深度的一种方法是使用几何锥模型模拟盆地,其中近岸陆地坡度和到水体中心的距离被假定为分别代表湖内坡度和到最深点的距离。我们使用约 5000 个湖泊和水库的测深数据测试了这些假设,以检查水体类型或形状的差异是否影响深度预测误差。我们发现近岸陆地坡度不能代表湖内坡度,相对于使用所有水体类型和形状的真实湖内坡度的模型而言,使用它进行预测会大大增加误差。对凹形水体(即碗形;最多占研究人群的 18%)和水库水体(最多占研究人群的 30%)的预测存在过度预测。尽管存在这种系统性的过度预测,但凹形水体的模型误差比凸形水体要少(无论是绝对值还是相对值,无论任何特定的斜率协变量如何),这表明几何锥体模型可以充分表示这些水体的深度。但由于凸水体更为常见(> 72% 的研究人群),因此最大限度地减少整体深度预测误差仍然是一个挑战。
Lake and reservoir (waterbody) depth is a critical characteristic that influences many important ecological processes. Unfortunately, depth measurements are labor-intensive to gather and are only available for a small fraction of waterbodies globally. Therefore, scientists have tried to predict depth from characteristics easily obtained for all waterbodies, such as surface area or the slope of the surrounding land. One approach for predicting waterbody depth simulates basins using a geometric cone model where the nearshore land slope and distance to the center of the waterbody are assumed to be representative proxies for in-lake slope and distance to the deepest point respectively. We tested these assumptions using bathymetry data from ∼5000 lakes and reservoirs to examine whether differences in waterbody type or shape influenced depth prediction error. We found that nearshore land slope was not representative of in-lake slope, and using it for prediction increases error substantially relative to models using true in-lake slope for all waterbody types and shapes. Predictions were biased toward overprediction in concave waterbodies (i.e., bowl-shaped; up to 18% of the study population) and reservoir waterbodies (up to 30% of the study population). Despite this systematic overprediction, model errors were fewer (in absolute and relative terms, irrespective of any specific slope covariate) for concave than convex waterbodies, suggesting the geometric cone model is an adequate representation of depth for these waterbodies. But because convex waterbodies are far more common (>72% of our study population), minimizing overall depth prediction error remains a challenge.
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