Concussion-related deficits in the general population predict impairments in varsity footballers
Concussion-related deficits in the general population predict impairments in varsity footballers
复制标题
一般人群中与脑震荡相关的缺陷预示着大学足球运动员的损伤
作者：
C. A. Stafford;Bobby Stojanoski;C. Wild;Danielle Brewer;T. Wilson;A. Owen
目的：我们调查了19，261名普通人群和一组有频繁头部撞击史的大学橄榄球运动员的脑震荡长期认知影响，使用已知对表现的微小变化敏感的测试。方法：我们要求19,261名参与者完成一份人口统计学问卷和12项认知测试，测量执行功能的各个方面，包括抑制控制。我们比较了那些报告有脑震荡史（脑震荡后）的人与那些报告没有脑震荡史（非脑震荡）的人在认知成套测验和四个非认知变量上的表现。我们使用这项人群水平研究的结果来预测完成相同认知任务的大学美式足球运动员的认知表现。结果脑震荡后和非脑震荡参与者在12项认知任务中的11项上没有差异。然而，在基于经典Stroop范式的抑制控制测试中，脑震荡后参与者表现出特定于任务不一致条件的准确性相关损伤。脑震荡后的参与者报告了更高水平的焦虑，抑郁和注意力不集中。一个完全独立的样本74名大学美式足球运动员表现出相同的损伤模式：与健康对照组相比，他们在抑制控制测试中的得分显着降低，但在其他11项任务上与对照组没有区别。解释自我报告的脑震荡与对认知功能的长期总体影响无关。尽管如此，那些报告至少有一次脑震荡的人和那些长期频繁暴露于运动相关头部撞击的人确实有适度的，但统计学上稳健的抑制控制缺陷。
Objective We investigated the long-term cognitive effects of concussion in 19,261 members of the general population and a cohort of varsity American football players with a history of frequent head impacts, using tests that are known to be sensitive to small changes in performance. Methods We asked 19,261 participants to complete a demographic questionnaire and 12 cognitive tests measuring aspects of executive function, including inhibitory control. We compared the performance of those reporting a history of concussion (post-concussion) to those reporting no history of concussion (non-concussed) on the cognitive battery and four non-cognitive variables. We used the results of this population-level study to predict the profile of cognitive performance in varsity American football players, who completed the same cognitive tasks. Results Post-concussion and non-concussed participants did not differ on 11 of the 12 cognitive tasks employed. However, on a test of inhibitory control based on the classic Stroop paradigm, post-concussion participants showed accuracy-related impairments specific to the incongruent conditions of the task. Post-concussion participants reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and trouble concentrating. An entirely independent sample of 74 varsity American football players demonstrated the same pattern of impairment: compared to healthy controls, they scored significantly lower on the test of inhibitory control but were indistinguishable from controls on the 11 other tasks. Interpretation Self-reported concussion is not associated with long-term general effects on cognitive function. Nevertheless, those who report at least one concussion and those who expose themselves to long-term frequent sport-related head impacts do have a modest, but statistically robust, deficit of inhibitory control.