Rental Tenure in the Cities of Developing Countries
Rental Tenure in the Cities of Developing Countries
复制标题
发展中国家城市的租赁权
DOI：
10.1080/00420989550012898
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
C. Rakodi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Rakodi
全市范围内的住房生产系统可以根据各种维度（包括保有权）划分为具有不同特征的子市场。过去 30 年对发展中国家城市住房生产和消费的分析主要集中在住房所有权，包括公共政策（特别是通过场地和服务计划）推动的住房形式，以及被排除在外的居民为自己提供住房的尝试。研究人员和政策制定者对住房所有权的关注有多种经济、政治、意识形态和实践原因，但这里没有足够的篇幅来详细阐述这些原因。近年来，对租赁住房的更多关注已开始纠正这种平衡。本综述试图对这一新兴文献进行概述，并不是因为一种保有权形式可以与其他房地产市场过程分开考虑，而是作为未来研究城市住房市场的跳板，该市场对所有权的偏见较小。它建立在吉尔伯特（Gilbert，1992）在本杂志和我自己的其他文章中对第三世界城市住房研究和实践的最新发展的回顾（Rakodi，1992）的基础上。可能包含的材料范围很广，一方面是因为标题所暗示的地理覆盖范围，另一方面是因为尽管大多数关于租赁住房的具体研究都是最近的，但对租赁住房的提及却充斥在有关第三世界住房的一般文献中。直到最近，这些文献还相当集中（政策和项目也是如此）城市内的特定住宅区，而不是整个城市的住房市场（Rakodi，1992），这加剧了搜索信息的难度。对全市住房市场的研究可能是更富有成效的信息来源，但尤其是由于其成本，研究的数量很少且相距甚远。在这篇评论中，我试图系统地涵盖专门探讨租赁的研究，但不可避免地，我从更一般的文献中提取的有关租赁权的信息是高度选择性的。 1租赁权研究可分为试图描述和解释租赁住房性质的调查和试图评估政府政策对租赁住房供应影响的调查。在整理了租赁住房在城市存量总量中的重要性的信息后，将探讨租赁住房的一些特征：租赁住房的形式、房东、租户以及它们之间的关系。本文的第三部分将探讨与租赁住房相关的政策方面。
City-wide housing production systems may be divided into sub-markets with different characteristics along a variety of dimensions, including tenure. Analyses of housing production and consumption in the cities of developing countries over the last 30 years have focused primarily on homeownership, including both those forms promoted by public policies, especially via sites and services schemes, and the attempts by excluded residents to provide shelter for themselves. A variety of economic, political, ideological and practical reasons for the preoccupation of researchers and policymakers with home-ownership can be suggested, but there is insufŪcient space to elaborate on these here. In recent years, greater attention to rental housing has begun to redress the balance. This review attempts to provide an overview of this emerging literature, not because one form of tenure can be considered in isolation from other property market processes, but as a springboard for future research into urban housing markets which is less biased towards ownership. It builds on Gilbert’s (1992) review of recent developments in the study and practice of housing in Third World cities in this journal and my own elsewhere (Rakodi, 1992). Potentially, the range of material which could be included is vast, both because of the geographical coverage implied by the title and because, although most speciŪc studies of rental housing are recent, references to rental housing pepper the general literature on Third World housing. That literature has, until recently, concentrated quite strongly (as have policies and projects) on particular residential areas within cities rather than on city-wide housing markets (Rakodi, 1992), exacerbating the difŪculties of searching for information. Studies of city-wide housing markets are potentially more fruitful sources of information but, not least because of their cost, are few and far between. In this review, I have attempted a systematic coverage of studies which have speciŪcally explored tenancy, but inevitably my abstraction of information on rental tenure from the more general literature is highly selective. 1Research into rental tenure can be grouped into those investigations which attempt to describe and explain the nature of rental housing and those which attempt to evaluate the impact of government policy on the supply of rental dwellings. Following a collation of information on the signiŪcance of rented housing in the total urban stock, some characteristics of the tenure will be explored: forms of rental housing, landlords, tenants, and the relationships between them. The third section of the paper will examine aspects of policy related to rental housing.