A cautionary tale: A study of a methane enhancement over the North Sea
A cautionary tale: A study of a methane enhancement over the North Sea
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警示故事：北海甲烷增强研究
DOI：
10.1002/2017jd026626
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cain M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cain M
分析了2013年8月北海上空甲烷（CH 4）羽流的机载测量结果。该羽流仅在环绕气田的下风处观察到，并使用三种方法来确定其来源。首先，假设气田源的质量平衡计算得出CH 4排放速率在2.5 ± 0.8× 104和4.6 ± 1.5× 104 kg h−1之间。这将大于行业报告的0.5%的泄漏率，如果它排放超过一半的时间。其次，英国CH 4年平均排放量与大气扩散模型相结合，以创建伪观测。来自北大西洋的清洁空气经过英国大陆，吸收了人为排放。为了最好地解释使用伪观测到的羽流，增加了来自天然气钻井平台区域的额外北海源。第三，来自羽流的δ 13 C-CH 4被证明是−53‰，比化石气体轻，但比英国的平均排放量重。我们的结论是，需要一个额外的小面积大陆源，结合小尺度气象特征的排放或运输的时间变化。或者，至少75%来自大陆（-58 ‰）和高达25%来自北海天然气钻井平台区域（-32 ‰）的额外来源的组合可以解释测量结果。如果没有进行同位素分析，可能的结论是甲烷的气田来源。这证明了单独分析摩尔分数的局限性，因为基于同位素数据的分析拒绝了最简单的解释。
Airborne measurements of a methane (CH4) plume over the North Sea from August 2013 are analyzed. The plume was only observed downwind of circumnavigated gas fields, and three methods are used to determine its source. First, a mass balance calculation assuming a gas field source gives a CH4emission rate between 2.5 ± 0.8×104and 4.6 ± 1.5×104kg h−1. This would be greater than the industry's reported 0.5% leak rate if it were emitting for more than half the time. Second, annual average UK CH4emissions are combined with an atmospheric dispersion model to create pseudo‐observations. Clean air from the North Atlantic passed over mainland UK, picking up anthropogenic emissions. To best explain the observed plume using pseudo‐observations, an additional North Sea source from the gas rigs area is added. Third, theδ13C‐CH4from the plume is shown to be −53‰, which is lighter than fossil gas but heavier than the UK average emission. We conclude that either an additional small‐area mainland source is needed, combined with temporal variability in emission or transport in small‐scale meteorological features. Alternatively, a combination of additional sources that are at least 75% from the mainland (−58‰) and up to 25% from the North Sea gas rigs area (−32‰) would explain the measurements. Had the isotopic analysis not been performed, the likely conclusion would have been of a gas field source of CH4. This demonstrates the limitation of analyzing mole fractions alone, as the simplest explanation is rejected based on analysis of isotopic data.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
6.3
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