Mirrored patterns of lateralized neuronal activation reflect old and new memories in the avian auditory cortex.
Mirrored patterns of lateralized neuronal activation reflect old and new memories in the avian auditory cortex.
复制标题
侧化神经元激活的镜像模式反映了鸟类听觉皮层的新旧记忆。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.009
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gobes,SharonMH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olson,ElizabethM;Maeda,RieK;Gobes,SharonMH
在单语人类中，与语言相关的大脑激活显示出明显的偏侧模式，其中左半球通常占主导地位。关于顺序语言学习者语言的潜在神经基质的定位，研究并没有得出结论。第一语言和第二语言的神经基底的偏侧化取决于许多因素，包括每种语言的熟练程度和早期经验。与人类学习语言类似，鸣禽在发育早期从同种导师那里学习发声。在这里，我们显示镜像模式的偏侧化在鸟类模拟的哺乳动物听觉皮层（尾内侧巢皮层[NCM]）在顺序辅导斑胸草雀（Taeniopygia guttata）在响应他们的第一个导师的歌曲，学习早期的发展，他们的第二个导师的歌曲，学习以后的发展。从第一个导师那里学到的歌曲越多，鸟儿在听到这首歌时就越是右优势;从第二个导师那里学到的歌曲越多，鸟儿在听到这首歌时就越是左优势。因此，鸟类的听觉皮层可能会保留偏侧的神经元痕迹的旧的和新的导师歌曲的记忆，这是依赖于熟练的歌曲学习。人类有惊人的相似之处：即使停止接触这种语言，早期形成的语言表征仍保留在大脑中。与早期听觉记忆的获得和随后的最近记忆的编码相关的半球优势的切换可能是发声学习者获得新的发声（例如第二语言）的行为灵活性所必需的进化适应。
In monolingual humans, language-related brain activation shows a distinct lateralized pattern, in which the left hemisphere is often dominant. Studies are not as conclusive regarding the localization of the underlying neural substrate for language in sequential language learners. Lateralization of the neural substrate for first and second language depends on a number of factors including proficiency and early experience with each language. Similar to humans learning speech, songbirds learn their vocalizations from a conspecific tutor early in development. Here, we show mirrored patterns of lateralization in the avian analog of the mammalian auditory cortex (the caudomedial nidopallium [NCM]) in sequentially tutored zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in response to their first tutor song, learned early in development, and their second tutor song, learned later in development. The greater the retention of song from their first tutor, the more right-dominant the birds were when exposed to that song; the more birds learned from their second tutor, the more left-dominant they were when exposed to that song. Thus, the avian auditory cortex may preserve lateralized neuronal traces of old and new tutor song memories, which are dependent on proficiency of song learning. There is striking resemblance in humans: early-formed language representations are maintained in the brain even if exposure to that language is discontinued. The switching of hemispheric dominance related to the acquisition of early auditory memories and subsequent encoding of more recent memories may be an evolutionary adaptation in vocal learners necessary for the behavioral flexibility to acquire novel vocalizations, such as a second language.