Patterns in the collective behavior of humans
Patterns in the collective behavior of humans
复制标题
人类集体行为的模式
DOI：
10.1063/1.2008587
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Vicsek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Farkas;T. Vicsek
我们能否可靠地预测和定量描述一大群人的行为？在这里，我们讨论了一个新兴的方法来解决这个问题，这是基于统计物理的定量方法。我们证明，在一组成员之间的相互作用的情况下，相对较好地定义（例如，行人交通，同步，恐慌）相应的模型再现所观察到的现象的相关方面。特别是，在同一环境中移动的人通常会形成特定的集体运动模式，包括形成车道，群集或堵塞瓶颈。我们模拟这样的现象，假设代表人类的粒子之间的现实的相互作用。两个具体的情况下，要讨论的更详细的是波产生的人群在大型体育赛事和行人逃生恐慌在各种条件下的主要特征。我们的模型可以预测人群行为，即使在实验方法显然不适用的情况下。
Can we reliably predict and quantitatively describe how large groups of people behave? Here we discuss an emerging approach to this problem which is based on the quantitative methods of statistical physics. We demonstrate that in cases when the interactions between the members of a group are relatively well defined (e.g, pedestrian traffic, synchronization, panic) the corresponding models reproduce relevant aspects of the observed phenomena. In particular, people moving in the same environment typically develop specific patterns of collective motion including the formation of lanes, flocking or jamming at bottlenecks. We simulate such phenomena assuming realistic interactions between particles representing humans. The two specific cases to be discussed in more detail are waves produced by crowds at large sporting events and the main features of pedestrian escape panic under various conditions. Our models allow the prediction of crowd behavior even in cases when experimental methods are obviously not appli...