Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants.
Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61716-5
复制
发表时间：
2009-12-19
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Thurston, George
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Kirk R.;Jerrett, Michael;Anderson, H. Ross;Burnett, Richard T.;Stone, Vicki;Derwent, Richard;Atkinson, Richard W.;Cohen, Aaron;Shonkoff, Seth B.;Krewski, Daniel;Pope, C. Arden, III;Thun, Michael J.;Thurston, George
在这份报告中，我们回顾了三种短暂的温室污染物--黑碳、臭氧和硫酸盐--对健康的影响。我们对现有的时间序列研究进行了新的荟萃分析，并在18年的跟踪调查中对美国66个城市的35.2万人进行了分析。这项队列研究提供了长期接触元素碳对死亡影响的估计，这是衡量黑碳质量的一个指标，并提供了臭氧具有独立的死亡风险的证据。这些污染物之间的关联使得目前很难就它们对个人健康的影响得出结论，但在多污染物模型中，硫酸盐似乎具有最强的影响。一般来说，纯化合物的毒理学和它们的流行病学是不同的，因为大气中的黑碳、臭氧和硫酸盐是相关的，并可能与相关的有毒物种相互作用。尽管硫酸盐是一种冷却剂，但黑碳和臭氧加在一起可能造成的全球变暖几乎是二氧化碳的一半。这些健康和气候影响的复杂性需要在缓解政策中得到承认。
In this report we review the health effects of three short-lived greenhouse pollutants—black carbon, ozone, and sulphates. We undertook new meta-analyses of existing time-series studies and an analysis of a cohort of 352 000 people in 66 US cities during 18 years of follow-up. This cohort study provides estimates of mortality effects from long-term exposure to elemental carbon, an indicator of black carbon mass, and evidence that ozone exerts an independent risk of mortality. Associations among these pollutants make drawing conclusions about their individual health effects difficult at present, but sulphate seems to have the most robust effects in multiple-pollutant models. Generally, the toxicology of the pure compounds and their epidemiology diverge because atmospheric black carbon, ozone, and sulphate are associated and could interact with related toxic species. Although sulphate is a cooling agent, black carbon and ozone could together exert nearly half as much global warming as carbon dioxide. The complexity of these health and climate effects needs to be recognised in mitigation policies.