Does the presence of non-breeders enhance the fitness of breeders?: An experimental analysis in the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula
Does the presence of non-breeders enhance the fitness of breeders?: An experimental analysis in the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-004-0833-2
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Buston, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buston, P
动物社会的稳定取决于个体的决定：是容忍还是驱逐他人，是留下还是离开。这些决定反过来又取决于个人在群体中生活的成本和收益。小丑海葵鱼（Amphiprion percula）生活在一个由一对繁殖者和0到4对非繁殖者组成的群体中。为了确定为什么育种者接受非育种者在这个物种中的存在，我调查了非育种者对育种者适应度的多个组成部分的影响。非育种者不会以任何明显的方式帮助育种者。实验中去除非育种者对育种者的生存、生长或繁殖成功率没有显著影响。实验表明，去除一对交配伴侣中的一只，非交配伴侣对丧偶的交配伴侣重新开始交配的时间几乎没有影响。结果表明，非育种者的存在既没有提高也没有降低胡杨育种者的适合度。我认为，非育种者可能会调节它们对育种者适应性的影响，要么减少它们造成的成本，要么增加它们提供的利益，这样一来，育种者只会容忍而不是驱逐它们。这项研究表明，即使一些个体从协会中一无所获，动物社会也可以保持稳定。
The stability of animal societies depends on individuals' decisions about whether to tolerate or evict others and about whether to stay or leave. These decisions, in turn, depend on individuals' costs and benefits of living in the group. The clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, lives in groups composed of a breeding pair and zero to four non-breeders. To determine why breeders accept the presence of non-breeders in this species I investigated the effect of non-breeders on multiple components of the breeder's fitness. Non-breeders did not assist breeders in any obvious way. Experimental removal of non-breeders had no significant effect on the survival, growth, or reproductive success of breeders. Experimental removal of one of the breeding pair showed that non-breeders had little effect on the time taken for a widowed breeder to recommence breeding. The results indicate that the presence of non-breeders neither enhances, nor reduces, the fitness of breeders in A. percula. I suggest that non-breeders might modulate their effect on the fitness of breeders, either by reducing the costs they inflict or by increasing the benefits they provide, such that it just pays breeders to tolerate, rather than to evict, them. This study illustrates that animal societies can be stable even when some individuals gain nothing from the association.