Evaluation of four non-invasive methods for examination and characterization of pressure ulcers
Evaluation of four non-invasive methods for examination and characterization of pressure ulcers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00290.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Karlsmark, Tonny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersen, Ellen Sloth;Karlsmark, Tonny
背景：压疮是全球关注的主要问题，需要研究其发病机制以进行早期干预。早期的研究表明，存在一个低回声的表皮下层的位置，压力溃疡，可视化超声扫描。作为一个延续，我们在这里报告的可用性四个非侵入性技术评估的压力ulcers.Methods：15个压力溃疡在0-IV期进行了检查，使用四种不同的非侵入性技术[发红指数，皮肤温度，皮肤弹性（即回缩时间），和超声扫描]。测量在溃疡，5厘米的溃疡，并在一个参考皮肤位置没有ulcers.Results：发红指数是，在所有情况下，高于在参考皮肤的溃疡。温度测量相当分散。超声扫描显示所有压疮处的低回声表皮下层，但参考点处无。压疮部位的皮肤回缩时间通常高于参考部位。我们发现没有相关性的阶段的溃疡和温度，发红指数，表皮下层厚度，或retraction time.Conclusion：我们得出结论，温度和弹性测量不单独表征溃疡的严重程度，虽然发红指数在某些情况下提供了一个有用的指示。我们假设，在超声图像上发现的表皮下层可能是皮肤所承受压力的量度，而不是压力性溃疡的严重程度。这种方法可能有助于预测皮肤是否有发生压疮的风险。需要更多的研究。
Background: Pressure ulcers are globally of major concern and there is need for research in the pathogenesis for early intervention. Early studies have suggested existence of a hypo-echogenic subepidermal layer at the location of pressure ulcers, visualized by ultrasound scans. As a continuation, we here report on usability of four non-invasive techniques for evaluation of pressure ulcers.Methods: Fifteen pressure ulcers in stage 0-IV were examined using four different non-invasive techniques [redness index, skin temperature, skin elasticity (i.e. retraction time), and ultrasound scanning]. Measurements were made at the ulcer, 5 cm from the ulcer, and at a reference skin location without ulcers.Results: The redness index was, in all cases, higher at the ulcers than at the reference skin. Temperature measurements were rather scattered. Ultrasound scans showed a hypo-echogenic subepidermal layer at all pressure ulcers, but none at the reference points. The skin retraction time was often higher at the location of a pressure ulcer than at the reference location. We found no correlation between the stage of the ulcers and temperature, redness index, subepidermal layer thickness, or retraction time.Conclusion: We conclude that temperature and elasticity measurements do not alone characterize ulceration severity, although redness index in some cases provides a useful indication. We assume that a subepidermal layer found on ultrasound images may be a measure of the pressure that the skin has been subjected to, rather than of the severity of the pressure ulceration. This method may be useful for predicting whether the skin is at risk of developing pressure ulcers. More studies are needed.